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In Rastafari, particularly within the Bobo Ashanti Mansion, the trio of Marcus Garvey, Haile Selassie I, and King Emmanuel Charles Edwards is known as Rastafari Holy Trinity or the Black Christ Trinity. It represents prophet (Garvey), king (Selassie), and priest (Edwards), symbolizing liberation, divinity, and spiritual leadership.
#black people#black#black history#black tumblr#blacktumblr#pan africanism#black conscious#africa#black power#black empowering#marcus garvey#haile selassie#king emmanuel charles edwards#Bobo Ashanti#jah rastafari#rastafari#Black Christ trinity#Rastafari Holy Trinity
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ROYALTY︰FANCY ID PACK
NAMES︰ adalinda. adam. adela. adelaide. adelio. adrienne. agnes. aladdin. alaric. alasdair. albert. alexander. alexandra. alexandria. alice. allegra. alyssa. amadeo. amelia. anais. anastasia. andrew. angelica. anita. annabelle. anne. anneliese. anthony. antoinette. ara. arabella. archibald. archie. aricia. ariel. armel. artemis. astrid. athena. augustus. aurelia. aurora. aymeric. balder. baldr. baldur. bano. basil. beatrice. belle. benjamin. blanche. blanchesse. blanchette. bonnette. bonnie. bowesse. bowette. brendan. briar. brioc. camilla. carl. caroline. caspian. catharina. catherine. cecilia. celeste. chainesse. chainette. chainne. charles. charlotte. chelidonis. christian. claude. clemente. clementine. cleopatra. corsette. crosse. crossette. crownesse. crownette. cynfael. damita. damyanti. darius. delphine. deoch. diana. duke. duncan. eadlin. edward. eleanor. eleanora. eleanore. elisabeth. eliza. elizabeth. elsa. emmanuel. erendira. eric. esperanza. estelle. eugene. eugenie. evelyn. fang. fangesse. fangette. farsiris. felix. frederick. frederik. frille. frillesse. frillette. gabriel. gabriella. gabrielle. gearesse. gearette. george. gladys. gormlaith. grace. griffith. haakon. harry. hector. henrik. henry. ingrid. isabella. isadora. izella. james. jasmine. joachim. josephine. julia. julien. kiana. kingsley. lacesse. lacette. lacey. laurent. leonore. lilibet. louis. louise. lucas. lucienne. mabel. madeleine. mael. maelie. maelle. maelys. magnus. mailys. margaret. maria. marie. marina. martha. michael. montgomery. nicolas. nikolai. nina. noire. noiresse. noirette. orla. oscar. palesse. palette. pari. paris. pearlesse. pearlette. philip. primrose. prince. princer. princessa. princesse. princette. princey. princie. prinze. prinzess. prinzessa. prynce. pryncess. quille. reagan. regina. regulus. ribbonesse. ribbonette. ribbonne. richard. robin. rognvaldr. rosalina. rose. rosette. rufflesse. rufflette. sabrina. sadie. saina. sara. sarah. sarai. sebastian. sharai. sofia. sophie. soraya. steven. sverre. theodora. tzeitel. vampesse. vampette. vampie. victoria. victorianne. vincent. watchesse. watchette. william. yseult. zadie.
PRONOUNS︰ blu/blush. bonnet/bonnet. bow/bow. chain/chain. che/cher. corset/corset. count/count. cro/crown. cro/own. cross/crosses. crown/crown. crown/crowned. crowned/prince. crowned/princess. dear/dear. dress/dress. dress/dress.apple/apple. dress/dresse. elegant/elegant. eth/ethel. fluff/fluff. frill/frill. frill/frilly, frill/frilly. frilly/frilly. gear/gear. gem/gem. gold/gold. grace/grace. he/heir. he/heiress. he/hir. he/ir. heart/heart. heir/ess. heir/heir. heir/heiress. heiress/heiress. jewel/jewel. king/king. lace/lace. lo/love. lord/lord. lord/lordship. love/love. luv/luv. melody/melodie. mirror/mirror. mon/arch. night/night. no/nobili. no/noble. pale/pale. pearl/pearl. pillow/pillow. pink/pink. polish/polish. pretty/pretty. pri/ince. pri/prince. pri/princess. prin/cess. prince/prince. princess/princess. princess/princesse. princess/princesses. queen/queen. rib/ribbon. ribbon/ribbon. ro/rose. ro/royal. robe/robe. rose/rose. roy/royal. royal/royal. royal/royalty, royal/royalty. royalty/royaltie. royalty/royalty, royalty/royalty. ruffle/ruffle. shine/shine. shy/hyr. silk/silk. silver/silver. sleep/sleep. snore/snore. suit/suit. tea/tea. throne/throne. ti/ara. ti/tiara. tiara/tiara. victorian/victorian. watch/watche. yawn/yawn. zzz/zzz. ⚔. ⚜. 🏰. 👑. 💎.
#pupsmail︰id packs#id pack#npt#name suggestions#name ideas#name list#pronoun suggestions#pronoun ideas#pronoun list#neopronouns#nounself#emojiself#royalkin#kingkin#queenkin#princekin#princesskin#royalcore#princecore#princesscore#kingcore#queencore
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Elizabeth Comstock Horodnitskii (IT Comstock Horodnitskii), you belong to me completely and only to me, and those words are not joke and have straightforward meaning, and you must take them more seriously than anything else.
1) QES
2) Elon Musk
3) Vladimir Putin
4) Jensen Stoltenberg
5) Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
March 1
6) Alexander Bortnikov
7) Emmanuel Macron
8) Xi Jinping
9) Alex Soros
10) George Soros
11) Avril Haines
April 20
First coffin phone
12) Billie Eilish
13) Nathaniel Philip Rothschild, 5th Baron Rothschild
14) Jurgen Stock
15) Larry Fink
16) Narendra Modi
17) Sergey Shoigu
18) Nikolai Patrushev
19) Nikolay Bogdanovsky
20) Andrei Yermak
21) Mohammed Bin Salman
(+8 or 10)
May 16
Second coffin phone
22) Alina Kabaeva
23) Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen
24) Vitalik Buterin
25) Ebrahim Raisi
26) Hossein Amir-Abdollahian
27) Malek Rahmati
28) Mohammad Ali Ale-Hashem
29) Mehdi Mousavi
30) Second Vladimir Putin
31) Viktoria Godunova
32) Dmitry Medvedev
33) Georgia Meloni
34) David S. Cohen
35) Priscilla Chan
36) Paul Abbate
37) Jon Lenzner
38) Jake Sullivan
39) Ronald L. Rowe Jr
40) Larissa L. Knapp
41) Christopher Asher Wray
42) Olena Zelenska
43) Kimberly A. Cheattle
44) Second Elon Musk
45) George Pavlov
46) Third Vladimir Putin
47) Sergey Brin
48) Mariya Putina
49) Pope Francis
50) Jack Dorsey
51) Mark Zuckerberg
52) William J. Burns
53) Mark Rutte
54) Katerina Tikhonova
55) Second Taylor Swift Horodnitskii Black White.
56) Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres
57) Second Ariana Grande
58) Joe Alwyn
59) General Timothy Haugh
60) Donald Trump
61) King Charles III
62) William, Prince of Wales
63) Anatoly Chubais
64) Fourth Vladimir Putin
65) Robyn Denholm
66) Lawrence Edward Page
67) Igor Olegovich Kostyukov
68) Kyrylo Budanov
69) Katy Perry
70) Second Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
71) Jeff Bezos
72) Sergey Naryshkin
73) Volodymyr Zelenskyy
74) Cara Delevingne
75) Kamala Harris
76) Sergey Sobyanin
77) Second King Charles III
78) Li Qiang
79) Joe Biden
80) Second Christopher Asher Wray
81) Christopher G. Cavoli
82) Jenna Marie Ortega
83) Fifth Vladimir Putin
84) Second Nathaniel Philip Rothschild, 5th Baron Rothschild
85) Lily Cole
86) Second Joe Alwyn
87) Third Chris Wray
88) Valery Gerasimov
89) Lieutenant General Igor Kirillov
90) Richard Moore, MI 6 director
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Events 12.11 (before 1940)
220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty. 361 – Julian enters Constantinople as sole Roman Emperor. 861 – Assassination of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil by the Turkish guard, who raise al-Muntasir to the throne, start of the "Anarchy at Samarra". 969 – Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas is assassinated by his wife Theophano and her lover, the later Emperor John I Tzimiskes. 1041 – Michael V, adoptive son of Empress Zoë of Byzantium, is proclaimed emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. 1239 – Treaty of Benavente: the heiresses of the Kingdom of León renounce their throne to King Ferdinand III of Castile. 1282 – Battle of Orewin Bridge: Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last native Prince of Wales, is killed at Cilmeri near Builth Wells in mid-Wales. 1602 – A surprise attack by forces under the command of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (Commemorated annually by the Fête de l'Escalade.) 1640 – The Root and Branch petition, signed by 15,000 Londoners calling for the abolition of the episcopacy, is presented to the Long Parliament. 1675 – Antonio de Vea expedition enters San Rafael Lake in western Patagonia. 1688 – Glorious Revolution: James II of England, while trying to flee to France, throws the Great Seal of the Realm into the River Thames. 1792 – French Revolution: King Louis XVI of France is put on trial for treason by the National Convention. 1815 – The U.S. Senate creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the United States Senate Committee on Finance. 1816 – Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state. 1868 – Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat the Paraguayan Army at the Battle of Avay. 1899 – Second Boer War: In the Battle of Magersfontein the Boers commanded by general Piet Cronjé inflict a defeat on the forces of the British Empire commanded by Lord Methuen trying to relieve the Siege of Kimberley. 1901 – Guglielmo Marconi transmits the first transatlantic radio signal from Poldhu, Cornwall, England to Saint John's, Newfoundland. 1905 – A workers' uprising occurs in Kyiv, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), and establishes the Shuliavka Republic. 1907 – The New Zealand Parliament Buildings are almost completely destroyed by fire. 1913 – More than two years after it was stolen from the Louvre, Leonardo da Vinci's painting Mona Lisa is recovered in Florence, Italy. The thief, Vincenzo Peruggia, is immediately arrested. 1917 – World War I: British General Edmund Allenby enters Jerusalem on foot and declares martial law. 1920 – Irish War of Independence: In retaliation for a recent IRA ambush, British forces burn and loot numerous buildings in Cork city. Many civilians report being beaten, shot at, robbed and verbally abused by British forces. 1925 – Roman Catholic papal encyclical Quas primas introduces the Feast of Christ the King. 1927 – Guangzhou Uprising: Communist Red Guards launch an uprising in Guangzhou, China, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet. 1931 – Statute of Westminster 1931: The British Parliament establishes legislative equality between the UK and the Dominions of the Commonwealth—Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, South Africa, and Ireland. 1934 – Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, takes his last drink and enters treatment for the final time. 1936 – Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII's abdication as King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India, becomes effective. 1937 – Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Italy leaves the League of Nat
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On July 13th 1807 Henry Benedict Stuart died,
Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, to give him his full name, was the fourth and final Jacobite to publicly lay claim to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Born on 6th March, 1725, at the Palazzo Muti, Rome., he was christened the same day by Pope Benedict XII at the Pallazo Balestra.
Styled Duke of York from birth, Henry was an intelligent child and was reported to have written and spelled better than his brother “Bonnie” Prince Charlie.
Henry Stuart was a good-looking young man, with the same dark eyes as his brother Charles, but lacked Charles’ height. In common with his father, he was more introverted, cautious and certainly less high spirited than his exuberant older brother.
During the ‘45 he travelled to France to petition Louis XV for funds to support the uprising, historians have said he was humiliated in doing so. Henry was present to greet Charles in France on his return from Scotland, the brothers embraced each other warmly and at first seemed to continue in the close and affectionate relationship which had previously existed between them. They were soon to find that they no longer had much in common and Charles’ supporters aggravated matters by complaining they felt that Henry not done enough to ensure that the French fleet sailed for England to support the rebellion. The sensitive Henry himself considered such criticism unfair as he had been appointed nominal commander of the French fleet but possessed no real authority.
After Charles’s death in January 1788 the Papacy did not recognise Henry as the lawful ruler of England, Scotland and Ireland, but referred to him as the Cardinal Duke of York.
He spent his life in the Papal States and had a long career in the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church, rising to become the Dean of the College of Cardinals and Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri. At the time of his death he was (and still is) one of the longest serving Cardinals in the Church’s history.
Henry became known by Jacobites, and within his personal entourage, as Henry IX of England, although publicly he referred to himself as Cardinal-Duke of York nuncupatus, he did however sign his will Henry R. In the will he wrote he was to be succeeded in all his claimed rights by his friend and nearest blood-relative, Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia. But Charles never asserted nor renounced his Jacobite claims, nor have any of his successors to this day.
Henry Benedict, his brother, his father and his mother are buried in the crypt of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican. There is a monument to the Royal Stuarts designed by Antonio Canova in the basilica to their memory on one of the columns in the basilica
It may surprise some of you that King George IV contributed toward the cost of a memorial to the rival Stuart dynasty at St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican, as seen in the last pic.
The pic with the two men are miniatures by Jean-Étienne Liotard, with Prince Henry Benedict Stuart (left) and Prince Charles Edward Stuart (right), ca. 1736–38, watercolour and gouache on vellum, they are just 7.4cm high by 5.5cm wide (excluding frame)
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Us, May 3
You can buy a brand new copy of this issue without the mailing label for your very own at my eBay store: https://www.ebay.com/str/bradentonbooks
Cover: Pregnant Meghan Markle: My Baby, My Way
Page 2: Red Carpet -- rufflemania -- Hollywood style stars are tier-ing it up in this flattering design with feminine flair -- Tracee Ellis Ross, Kaitlyn Dever, Margot Robbie, Logan Browning, Nicola Coughlan
Page 3: Lizzo, Maude Apatow, Lucy Boynton, Jessica Alba, Lily Collins
Page 4: Who Wore It Best? Anya Taylor-Joy vs. Isla Fisher vs. Regina King in Stuart Weitzman Nudist sandal
Page 6: Loose Talk -- Shonda Rhimes on the intense backlash she received over Rege-Jean Page's exit from Bridgerton, Kelly Ripa on her most embarrassing interview, Luke Bryan on his mother LeClaire's Instagram fame, Blake Shelton on The Voice's new coach Ariana Grande, Reese Witherspoon joking about wearing bottoms that aren't sweatpants
Page 8: Contents
Page 10: A Final Farewell to Prince Philip, his four children Prince Charles and Princess Anne and Prince Andrew and Prince Edward were among the loved ones who participated in the emotional ceremony, feuding brothers Prince Harry and Prince William (and his wife Duchess Kate) put their differences aside after the intimate service, due to Covid-19 protocols the grieving Queen Elizabeth stayed socially distant from the other 29 people who attended the funeral for her husband of 73 years
Page 11: ACM Awards 2021 -- Maren Morris teamed up with her husband Ryan Hurd and won Female Artist of the Year, Thomas Rhett won Male Artist of the Year, Carrie Underwood took the stage
Page 12: Hot Pics -- Rosie Huntington-Whiteley wore an orange coat during a visit to NYC, John Stamos plays a coach on the TV show Big Shot, Zach Braff goofed around on the set of Cheaper by the Dozen in L.A.
Page 13: Eva Longoria on her trampoline while aboard a yacht in Miami, Howie Mandel arrived to the set of America's Got Talent dressed as a bug in Pasadena
Page 14: Jon Hamm and his rescue dog Splash strolled around the neighborhood in L.A., Heidi Klum in all white in Pasadena, Sara Gilbert and Linda Perry take a stroll in L.A.
Page 15: Eddie Cibrian and LeAnn Rimes held hands after dinner at Il Segreto in L.A., Patrick Dempsey shot a scene for his show Devils in Rome
Page 16: Rachel Brosnahan in a blue dress and carrying a clear umbrella on the set of The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel in NYC, Lin-Manuel Miranda at the opening of a vaccination center for Broadway workers in Times Square, Trisha Yearwood feeds one of her rescue pups
Page 18: Gen Z Has Spoken -- these celebs are making the young kids proud -- Baggy Jeans -- Hailey Bieber, Tracee Ellis Ross, Bella Hadid
Page 19: Middle Parts -- Busy Philipps, Lizzo, Jennifer Lopez, Kourtney Kardashian, baguette bags -- Dua Lipa, Elsa Hosk, Irina Shayk, Kendall Jenner
Page 20: Seeing Double -- stars bear a striking resemblance to their famous counterparts -- Elizabeth Banks and Chelsea Handler, Emmanuelle Chriqui and Nina Dobrev, Betty Gilpin and Jodie Comer
Page 21: Rob Lowe and Ian Somerhalder, Jaime Pressly and Margot Robbie, Isla Fisher and Amy Adams, Rupert Grint and Ed Sheeran, Kyle Richards and Kacey Musgraves
Page 22: Clueless Crew -- stars are totally buggin' over Cher Horowitz's style in yellow plaid -- Robin Roberts on Good Morning America, Katie Holmes was rollin' with her homie beau Emilio Vitolo Jr. in NYC, Vanessa Hudgens, Dianna Agron
Page 23: Gabrielle Union
Page 24: Stars They're Not Like Us -- Jay Leno took one of his vintage automobiles out for a spin in L.A., Chrissy Teigen and John Legend took a selfie with a fan while grocery shopping in Beverly Hills, Kylie Jenner has custom vending machines
Page 25: Carrie Underwood in her massive walk-in closet, Denzel Washington signs autographs for fans in NYC, Megan Thee Stallion on a private plane, Drake and his bodyguard in Beverly Hills
Page 26: Stars They're Just Like Us -- Sarah Jessica Parker catches a yellow cab after working at her shoe store in NYC, Brad Paisley picked up five pizzas to go in Montecito
Page 27: Kelly Osbourne handed out goods at a drive-thru food distribution event at the Islamic Center of Southern California, HGTV's Egypt Sherrod transformed her closet into a meditation space in Atlanta, in between filming Law & Order: SVU's Mariska Hargitay and Ice-T take a selfie
Page 28: Hollywood Dads -- Scott Porter on parenting his two kids McCoy and Clover
Page 29: Jonathan Tucker on life with twins Hayes and India, parenthood is a lot tougher than Jovi Dufren imagined, Maksim Chmerkovskiy can't wait to show son Shai his work
Page 30: Love Lives -- Rihanna and A$AP Rocky are showing no signs of slowing down -- the pair enjoyed a night out in L.A. hotspot Delilah where they were holding hands and laughing and they're not hiding the fact that they're dating but they just don't want people in their business -- they're a good match and are each other's best friend
Page 31: Justin Bieber and Hailey Bieber may look like the picture-perfect couple, but Justin admits that their first year of marriage wasn't what he expected, saying it was really tough and there was just a lack of trust and he blamed the strain on his own personal struggles and said before he didn't have someone to love or someone to pour into but now, more than two years after exchanging vows with Hailey, he has that
* Kacey Musgraves' romance with Dr. Gerald Onuoha is giving her butterflies -- the pair are so happy they found each other and while Kacey, who split from her husband Ruston Kelly last summer, is trying not to get too ahead of herself, her connection to the Nashville-based doc is off the charts and it's got the potential to go a very long way
* Today's Savannah Guthrie is thankful to have husband Michael Feldman in her life, especially given the demands of her early morning work schedule
Page 32: Kourtney Kardashian and Travis Barker are getting serious -- all the details on their whirlwind romance
Page 33: Adapting to parenthood has been a breeze for Emma Stone and she's soaking in all the precious moments of being a mom for the first time -- she and husband Dave McCary welcomed their baby daughter in March and Emma is super protective and a very hands-on mom and Dave is also hands-on and helps with their daughter -- thanks to the little one, Emma's marriage with the comedian has also gotten stronger and having a baby has brought them closer in a way they never expected -- Emma is looking forward to getting back to work; she's taken this time off to embrace motherhood and her number one priority is to raise a healthy baby so that's what she's focused on right now
* Britney Spears is setting the record straight -- despite her ongoing conservatorship battle with her dad, Jamie Spears, she is doing totally fine, assuring fans that she's extremely happy and she has a beautiful home, beautiful children and she's taking a break right now because she's enjoying herself -- although the legal drama with her father is heating up, Britney is staying strong and she has this wonderful ability to see the positive even when the odds are against her
* Keeping Up With Us -- production for the Downton Abbey sequel is underway, Mossimo Giannulli is a free man, Chrissy Teigen returned to Twitter 23 days after announcing that she was leaving the platform, Vanessa Bryant remembered her late husband Kobe Bryant on what would have been their 20th wedding anniversary, Helen McCrory lost her battle with cancer at age 52 according to her husband Damian Lewis
Page 34: A Day in My Life -- Whitney Port
Page 35: Colton Underwood is ready to live his truth -- during an interview on Good Morning America, the former Bachelor came out as gay, saying he's run from himself for a long time and he came to terms with his sexuality earlier this year and he's the happiest and healthiest he's ever been -- now that he feels like he can finally breathe, Colton is excited for his next chapter, which fans will get to see on an upcoming reality show with Olympian Gus Kenworthy -- a huge weight has been lifted off of Colton's shoulders and he is looking forward to being his authentic self
Page 36: Moms Tell All -- Happy Mother's Day! From milestones and manners to rules and nanny-bans, celebs and insiders talk about raising kids in Hollywood
Page 37: Bindi Irwin says life at home with her daughter Grace Warrior has been positively blissful and her family with dad Chandler Powell is so full of love, adding that the newborn has already met some of the wildlife at the Australia Zoo where Bindi and Chandler live and work and of course she's seen some crocs and really lit up when she saw them -- while the Aussie conservationist is sad Grace won't get to meet her late dad Steve Irwin, Bindi's brother Robert Irwin and mom Terri Irwin have been by her side constantly and Robert is obsessed with Grace and has been helping out so much and her mom has been the biggest guiding light and she's already taught Bindi so much about being a mother, both in how she raised her and by showing her things day by day and Terri is quite the baby whisperer and she's so great a calming Grace down when she's crying -- first-time father Chandler is also a natural with Grace and he's been the most supportive and involved dad and together, he and Bindi make such a great team -- for now, Bindi, who stars with Chandler in Crikey! It's a Baby!, is hoping Grace will follow in her animal-activist footsteps, saying having three generations of strong women working as conservationists is a dream come true
* Jennifer Garner said teaching your kids is a lifelong job, and certainly values are something you have to show them -- Jennifer, who shares kids Violet, Seraphina and Samuel with ex Ben Affleck, is staying true to her word and has led by example when it comes to things like kindness and patience and she won't let anyone in the house to judge or speak ill of people, and she enforces the same wholesome, traditional values that she was raised with and the kids have been taught to be loving, hardworking and fair -- Jennifer has always taken a kids-come-first approach to parenting, and it shows as they bake together, enjoy movie nights, read books and have very active lives and it's a very healthy, happy household filled with laughter and love
Page 38: Gwen Stefani has her hands full with her sons Kingston, Zuma and Apollo with ex-husband Gavin Rossdale, but she wouldn't want it any other way -- Gwen's a tomboy, so having three boys wasn't daunting for her at all, plus she has fiance Blake Shelton by her side to pitch in with parenting duties and Gwen and the boys have a blast at Blake's ranch in Oklahoma where they enjoy riding their ATVs, and they play baseball and football -- it's not all fun and games, though because Gwen is big on boundaries and manners and she doesn't want to raise Hollywood brats and it's important to her that her sons be gentlemen
* Meghan Markle's pregnancy with Archie was no walk in the park, as she revealed during her bombshell TV interview with husband Prince Harry, the couple had concerns over whether or not the royal family would provide security for their son and claimed there were conversations about his skin color -- but this time around, as Meghan and Harry gear up for baby No. 2 at home in L.A., she's doing everything her way, without the royals and Meghan and Harry feel blessed that they're able to raise their daughter in the U.S. and can live by their own rules and make the decisions they feel are best for their children; having independence is the most important thing for Meghan and she's got free rein to be exactly the kind of mom she wants to be -- her parenting style is really like most mothers out there, and she's been craving pasta and doing yoga two times a day as her due date nears and she keeps a lot of art supplies out to foster creativity and healthy snacks around and she's a devoted mom and wants the best for her kids
Page 39: Kate Hudson has a lot on her plate, so the mom of three, who shares son Ryder with former husband Chris Robinson and son Bingham with ex Matt Bellamy and daughter Rani with boyfriend Danny Fujikawa, knows when to put her foot down as things can get a little overwhelming at times for Kate, but when she says no, it absolutely means no, and the kids respect her very much because of that
* Gigi Hadid, who shares daughter Khai with boyfriend Zayn Malik, wants to spend every waking moment with her precious little girl -- Gigi could easily afford to employ a team of nannies but chooses not to and she prefers to do everything herself and besides, she can't bear to be away from Khai for more than a few hours
* Candace Cameron Bure's three grown kids are flying the coop, but she's still super involved in their lives, despite slowly becoming an empty nester -- the mom of Natasha, Lev, and Maksim with former hockey player Valeri Bure says it's been a very transitional time and she's been trying to help them make decisions they feel good about and it's challenging, but they're figuring it out
Page 40: Oh, Baby! Meghan Markle's due date is just around the corner, and here are all the details
* Bump Brigade -- Halsey, Gal Gadot, Shawn Johnson East
Page 42: 10 Years of the Cambridges -- a look back at Prince William and Duchess Kate Middleton's solid marriage for their anniversary
Page 44: Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez: What Really Happened -- cheating and lies? The truth behind J.Lo's split from fiance A-Rod
Page 45: Friendliest Exes -- these former couples managed to stay close after going their separate ways -- Gwyneth Paltrow and Chris Martin, Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux, Orlando Bloom and Miranda Kerr, Demi Moore and Bruce Willis, Lisa Bonet and Lenny Kravitz
Page 48: Gifts for Mother's Day
Page 54: Entertainment -- Ben Barnes on Shadow and Bone
Page 58: Fashion Police -- the most daring Oscars looks -- Bjork, Whoopi Goldberg, Charlize Theron
Page 59: Rachel Weisz, Gwyneth Paltrow, Lady Gaga
Page 60: 25 Things You Don't Know About Me -- Julia Michaels
#tabloid#grain of salt#tabloid toc#tabloidtoc#bindi irwin#chandler powell#grace warrior irwin powell#jennifer garner#gwen stefani#meghan markle#prince harry#kate hudson#gigi hadid#candace cameron bure#the cambridges#prince william#duchess kate#kate middleton#catherine duchess of cambridge#jennifer lopez#alex rodriguez#ben barnes#shadow and bone#general kirigan#fashion police#julia michaels#colton underwood#whitney port#britney spears#emma stone
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TOP 2020
25/12/2020
A) Great movies made since 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:
Buoyancy(Freedom;Rodd Rathjen, 2019)
Les choses qu’on dit, les choses qu’on fait(Emmanuel Mouret, 2020)
L’Île au trésor(Guillaume Brac, 2018)
Le Sel des larmes(Philippe Garrel, 2019/20)
Ghawre Bairey Aaj(Home and the World;Aparna Sen, 2019)
Undine(Christian Petzold, 2020)
Happī awā(Happy Hour;Hamaguchi Ryūsuke, 2015)
Netemo Sametemo(Asako I & II;Hamaguchi Ryūsuke, 2018)
Adolescentes(Sébastien Lifshitz, 2013-9/20)
Family Romance, LLC.(Werner Herzog, 2019)
Demain et tous les autres jours(Noémie Lvovsky, 2017)
Gamak Ghar(Achal Mishra, 2019)
Lunana:A Yak in the Classroom(Pawo Choyning Dorji, 2019)
Semina il vento(Sow the Wind;Danilo Caputo, 2020)
Objector(Molly Stuart, 2019)
La France contre les robots(Jean-Marie Straub, 2020)
Paris Calligrammes(Ulrike Ottinger, 2019/20)
Un film dramatique(Éric Baudelaire, 2019)
B) Great movies made before 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:
Là-Haut, un Roi au-dessus des nuages(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 2003)
Pangarap ng Puso(Demons/Whispers of the Demon/Hope of the Heart;Mario O’Hara, 2000)
Les Films rêvés(Eric Pauwels, 2009)
La vida en rojo(Andrés Linares, 2007/8)
Come Next Spring(R.G. Springsteen, 1955/6)
Song of Surrender(Mitchell Leisen, 1948/9)
Adventure in Manhattan(Edward Ludwig, 1936)
Strannaia zhenshchina(A Strange Woman;Iuli Raízman, 1978)
Chastnaia zhízn(Private Life;Iuli Raízman, 1982)
Málva(Vladimir Braun, 1956/7)
Zhila-byla devochka(Once There Was a Girl;Viktor Eisimont, 1944)
The Unknown Man(Richard Thorpe, 1951)
Aisai Monogatari(Story of a Beloved Wife;Shindō Kaneto, 1951)
Practically Yours(Mitchell Leisen, 1944)
A Summer Storm(Robert Wise, 1999/2000)
Lettre d’un cinéaste à sa fille(Eric Pauwels, 2000)
Sombra verde(Untouched;Roberto Gavaldón, 1954)
Fantasma d’amore(Dino Risi, 1981)
Adieu, Mascotte(Das Modell vom Montparnasse;Wilhelm Thiele, 1929)
Mori no kajiya(The Blacksmith of the Forest;Shimizu Hiroshi, 1928/9;fragment)
Zwischen Gestern und Morgen(Between Yesterday and Tomorrow;Harald Braun, 1947)
Last Holiday(Henry Cass, 1950)
Dialogue d’ombres(Danièle Huillet & Jean-Marie Straub, 1954-2013)
Out-Takes from the Life of a Happy Man(Jonas Mekas, 2012)
Nice Time(Claude Goretta & Alain Tanner, 1957)
Aloma of the South Seas(Alfred Santell, 1941)
A Feather in Her Hat(Alfred Santell, 1935)
La Danseuse Orchidée(Léonce Perret, 1928)
Underground(Vincent Sherman, 1941)
Time Out(in Twilight Zone-The Movie)(John Landis, 1983)
Lackawanna Blues(George C. Wolfe, 2005)
Janie(Michael Curtiz, 1944)
Dernier Amour(Léonce Perret, 2016)
Jeunes Filles en détresse(Georg Wilhelm Pabst, 1939)
Kisapmata(Blink of an Eye;Mike De Leon, 1981)
La Dernière Lettre(Frederick Wiseman, 2002)
The Lady of the Dig-Out(W.S. Van Dyke II, 1918)
Their Own Desire(E.Mason Hopper, 1929)
C) Very good movies made since 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:
Zumiriki(Oskar Alegria, 2019)
Atlantique(Mati Diop, 2019)
J’accuse(An Officier and A Spy;Roman Polanski, 2019)
Richard Jewell(Clint Eastwood, 2019)
Alice et le Maire(Nicolas Pariser, 2019)
Contes de Juillet(July Tales;Guillaume Brac, 2017)
Dark Waters(Todd Haynes, 2019)
Ofrenda a la tormenta(Fernando González Molina, 2020)
Nomad:In the Footsteps of Bruce Chatwin(Werner Herzog, 2019)
Into the Inferno(Werner Herzog, 2016)
The Zookeeper’s Wife(Niki Caro, 2017)
Journal de septembre(Eric Pauwels, 2019)
La Deuxième Nuit(Eric Pauwels, 2016)
Kaze no denwa(Voices in the Wind;Suwa Nobuhiro, 2019/20)
Da 5 Bloods(Spike Lee, 2020)
Izaokas(Isaac;Jurgis Matulevičius, 2019)
A Metamorfose dos Pássaros(Catarina Vasconcelos, 2020)
Tabi no Owari Sekai no Hajimari(To the Ends of the Earth;Kurosawa Kiyoshi, 2019)
La Nuit d’avant(Pablo García Canga, 2019)
My Mexican Bretzel(Nuria Giménez, 2018-9)
Domangchin yeoja(The Woman Who Ran;Hong Sang-soo, 2019/20)
Öndög(Wang Quanan, 2019)
Hatsukoi(First Love;Miike Takashi, 1959)
Million raz pogivaet odin Cheloviek(One man dies a million times;Jessica Oreck, 2018/9)
The Two Popes(Fernando Meirelles, 2019)
Félicité(Alain Gomis, 2016/7)
Salt and Fire(Werner Herzog, 2016)
Ni de lian(Your Face;Tsai Ming-liang, 2018)
Qi qiu(Balloon;Pema Tseden, 2019)
River Silence(Rogério Soares, 2019)
Charlie’s Angels(Elizabeth Banks, 2019)
La boda de Rosa(Iciar Bollain, 2020)
Guerra(War;José Oliveira & Marta Ramos, 2020)
My Thoughts Are Silent/Moyi dumky tykhi(Antonio Lukich, 2019)
Namo(The Alien;Nader Saeivar;co-script-Jafar Panahi, 2020)
Los silencios(The Silences;Beatriz Seigner, 2018)
Terminal Sud(Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche, 2019)
Tu mérites un amour(You Deserve a Lover;Hafsia Herzi, 2019)
Les Misérables(Ladj Ly, 2019)
Padre no hay más que uno(Santiago Segura, 2019)
Honeyland(Tamara Kotovska & Ljubomir Stefanov, 2019)
Izbrisana(Erased;Miha Mazzini & Dusan Joksimovic, 2018)
This Is Not A Burial, It’s A Resurrection(Lemohang Jeremiah Mosese, 2019)
Primero Enero(Darío Mascambroni, 2016)
Lahi, Hayop(Pan, Genus/Genus Pan;Lav Diaz, 2020)
D) Very good movies made before 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:
Topaze(Marcel Pagnol, 1936)
The SIGN OF THE RAM(John Sturges, 1947/8)
Abandoned(Joseph M. Newman, 1949)
Bewitched(Arch Oboler, 1944/5)
La Femme du Bout du Monde((Jean Epstein, 1937)
The Outcast(William Witney, 1954)
Saadia(Albert Lewin, 1953)
Un monde sans femmes(Guillaume Brac, 2011)
Dishonored Lady(Robert Stevenson, 1947)
Always Goodbye(Signey Lanfield, 1938)
A Blueprint for Murder(Andrew L. Stone, 1953)
Bedevilled(Mitchell Leisen, 1955)
That Forsyte Woman(Compton Bennett, 1949)
The Miracle(Irving Rapper, 1959)
The Madonna’s Secret(Wilhelm Thiele, 1946)
The Town That Dreaded Sundown(Charles B. Pierce, 1976)
Grayeagle(Charles B. Pierce, 1977)
Barricade(Peter Godfrey, 1949/50)
Tomorrow is Forever(Irving Pichel, 1945/6)
David Harum(James Cruze, 1934)
The Vanquished(Edward Ludwig, 1953)
Keisatsukan(Uchida Tomu, 1933)
...Enfants des courants d’air(Édouard Luntz, 1959, short)
The Winds of Autumn(Charles B. Pierce, 1976)
Suddenly It’s Spring(Mitchell Leisen, 1946)
Uchūjin Tōkyō ni arawaru(Warning from Space;Shima Kōji, 1956)
Swiss Family Robinson(Edward Ludwig, 1940)
Ludwig der Zweite, König von Bayern(Wilhelm Dieterle, 1930)
Faithless(Harry Beaumont, 1932)
Botan-dorō(Peony Lanterns;Yamamoto Satsuo, 1968)
Ginza 24 chou(Tales of Ginza;Kawashima Yūzō, 1955)
Goodbye Again(Michael Curtiz, 1933)
Lines of White on a Sullen Sea(D.W. Griffith, 1909)
You Gotta Stay Happy(H.C. Potter, 1948)
Cave of Forgotten Dreams(Werner Herzog, 2010)
Riff-Raff(Ted Tetzlaff, 1947)
The Moon is Down(Irving Pichel, 1943)
The Bride Wore Boots(Irving Pichel, 1946)
Adventures in Silverado(Phil Karlson, 1948)
The Stolen Ranch(William Wyler, 1926)
Congo Maisie(H.C. Potter, 1940)
Marcides(Mercedes;Yousry Nasrallah, 1993)
Hell’s Five Hours(Jack L. Copeland, 1958)
Daniel(in Stimulantia;Ingmar Bergman, 1967)
Diên Biên Phú(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 1992)
Canyon River(Cattle King;Harmon Jones, 1956)
Dos Basuras(Kurt Land, 1958)
Smart Girls Don’t Talk(Richard L. Bare, 1948)
The Big Shakedown(John Francis Dillon, 1933/4)
Corvette K-225(Richard Rosson;p.,collab.Howard Hawks, 1943)
The Gay Deception(William Wyler, 1935)
The Invisible Woman(A.Edward Sutherland, 1940)
Rage in Heaven(W.S. Van Dyke II;collab.Robert B. Sinclair,Richard Thorpe, 1941)
Wild Side(Sébastien Lifshitz, 2004)
I bambini e noi(Luigi Comencini, 1970//7)
The House Across The Street(Richard L. Bare, 1948/9)
The Doughgirls(James V. Kern, 1944)
The Love Trap(William Wyler, 1929)
Torch Song(Charles Walters, 1953)
The Meanest Man in the World(Sidney Lanfield, 1942/3)
Cole Younger, Gunfighter(R.G. Springsteen, 1958)
Ballerine(Gustav Machatý, 1936)
Via Mala(Josef von Báky, 1945//8)
Sky Giant(Lew Landers, 1938)
Les Invisibles(Sébastien Lifshitz, 2012)
Promène toi donc tout nu(Emmanuel Mouret, 1998)
A Story for the Modlins(Una historia para los Modlin;Sergio Oksman, 2012)
Something in the Wind(Irving Pichel, 1947)
Spoveď(Confession;Pavol Skýkova, 1968)
Guilty Hands(W.S. Van Dyke II;collab.Lionel Barrymore, 1931)
Atto di accusa(Giacomo Gentilomo, 1950)
Suspense(Frank Tuttle, 1956)
This Is The Night(Frank Tuttle, 1932)
Escape in the Fog(Oscar ‘Budd’ Boetticher,Jr., 1945)
The Price of Fear(Abner Biberman, 1956)
Happy People:A Year in the Taiga(Werner Herzog, 2010)
Urok(The Lesson;Kristina Grozeva & Petar Valchanov, 2014)
Le Naufragé(Guillaume Brac, 2009)
Lili Marlen(Peter Mihálik;script.Dušan Hanák, 1970;short)
Deseo(Antonio Zavala Kugler, 2013)
E) Great movies that improved by new watchings:
Shanghai Express(Josef von Sternberg, 1932)
The Best Years of Our Lives(William Wyler, 1946)
Till We Meet Again(Frank Borzage, 1944)
Man’s Favorite Sport?(Howard Hawks, 1963/4)
Along The Great Divide(Raoul Walsh, 1951)
Hondo(John V. Farrow, 1953)
Where The Sidewalk Ends(Otto Preminger, 1950)
Mrs. Miniver(William Wyler, 1942)
Driftwood(Allan Dwan, 1947)
‘Good-bye, My Lady’(William A. Wellman, 1956)
Touch of Evil(Preview version, 1975;not later ‘improvements’)(Orson Welles, 1958)
Le Crabe-Tambour(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 1977)
Unfinished Business(Gregory LaCava, 1941)
Madigan(Don Siegel, 1968)
Big Business(James Wesley Horne;s.Leo McCarey, 1929)
Putting Pants on Philip(Clyde A. Bruckman;s.Leo McCarey, 1927)
The Runner Stumbles(Stanley Kramer, 1979)
Yushima no Shiraume(Romance at Yushima;Kinugasa Teinosukē, 1955)
David Harum(Allan Dwan, 1915)
The Virginian(Cecil B. DeMille, 1914)
Island in the Sky(William A. Wellman, 1953)
All About Eve(Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1950)
L’Eclisse(Michelangelo Antonioni, 1962)
The Roaring Twenties(Raoul Walsh, 1939)
The Plainsman(Cecil B. DeMille, 1936)
JLG/JLG-Autoportrait de décembre(Jean-Luc Godard, 1994)
‘Je vous salue, Marie’(Hail Mary;Jean-Luc Godard, 1984)
La Roue(Abel Gance, 1923)
They All Laughed(Peter Bogdanovich, 1981)
Innocent Blood(John Landis, 1992)
An American Werewolf in London(John Landis, 1981)
The Thing Called Love(Peter Bogdanovich, 1993)
Into the Night(John Landis, 1985)
The File On Thelma Jordon(Thelma Jordon;Robert Siodmak, 1949)
The Little American(Cecil B. DeMille, 1917)
In Our Time(Vincent Sherman, 1944)
The Hunters(Dick Powell, 1958)
Phase IV(Saul Bass, 1974)
L’Honneur d’un Capitaine(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 1982)
Backfire(Vincent Sherman, 1948//50)
Five(Arch Oboler, 1951)
Somewhere in the Night(Joseph L. Mankiewiz, 1946)
A Man Alone(Ray Milland, 1955)
Die Geiger von Florez(Paul Czinner, 1926)
Living on Velvet(Frank Borzage, 1934/5)
La Recta provincia(Raúl Ruiz, 2007//15)
La Noche de enfrente(Raúl Ruiz, 2012)
Carrie(Sister Carrie;William Wyler, 1951/2)
The Spiral Staircase(Robert Siodmak, 1945/6)
The Paradine Case(Alfred Hitchcock, 1947)
L’Amore(Una voce umana+Il Miracolo)(Roberto Rossellini, 1947/8)
The Heiress(William Wyler, 1949)
F) Very good movies watched again
Bluebeard’s 10 Honeymoons(W.Lee Wilder, 1960)
The Five Pennies(Melville Shavelson, 1958)
Take a Letter, Darling(Mitchell Leisen, 1942)
Escape(Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1948)
Appassionatamente(Giacomo Gentilomo, 1954)
Así como habían sido(Trío)(Andrés Linares, 1986/7)
San Antone(Joseph Kane, 1953)
The High and the Mighty(William A. Wellman, 1954)
Taki no Shiraito(The Water Magician;Mizoguchi Kenji, 1933)
The Web(Michael Gordon, 1947)
The Buccaneer(Anthony Quinn;s.Cecil B. DeMille, 1958)
The Buccaneer(Cecil B. DeMille, 1938)
Desire Me(uncredited:George Cukor/Jack Conway/Mervyn LeRoy/Victor Saville, 1946)
Flaxy Martin(Richard L. Bare, 1948/9)
Swing High, Swing Low(Mitchell Leien, 1937)
Death Takes A Holiday(Mitchell Leisen, 1934)
Irene(Herbert Wilcox, 1940)
Beloved Enemy(H.C. Potter, 1936)
The Cowboy and the Lady(H.C. Potter, 1938)
Der Golem, wie er in die Welt kam(Paul Wegener, 1920)
Mia madre(Nanni Moretti, 2015)
Hell On Frisco Bay(Frank Tuttle, 1955)
Stormy Weather(Andrew L. Stone, 1943)
The Milky Way(Leo McCarey;w.Harold Lloyd, 1936)
Pietà per chi cade(Mario Costa, 1954)
Repeat Performance(Alfred L. Werker, 1947)
Das indische Grabmal:1.Die Sendung des Yoghi,2.Der Tiger von Eschnapur(Joe May, 1921)
Julie(Andrew L. Stone, 1956)
The Member of the Wedding(Fred Zinnemann, 1953)
Winterset(Alfred Santell, 1936)
The Right to Romance(Alfred Santell, 1933)
As Young as You Feel(Harmon Jones, 1951)
You’ll Never Get Rich(Sidney Lanfield, 1941)
The Woman Accused(Paul Sloane, 1933)
Foma Gordeiev(Mark Donskoí, 1959)
The Parent Trap(David Swift, 1961)
High Wall(Curtis Bernhardt, 1947)
Mr. Lucky(H.C. Potter, 1943)
Un Marido de Ida y Vuelta(Luis Lucia, 1957)
The Safecracker(Ray Milland, 1957/8)
She’s Funny That Way(Peter Bogdanovich, 2014)
Oh...Rosalinda!!(Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger, 1955)
Caribbean(Edward Ludwig, 1952)
Harper(The Moving Target;Jack Smight, 1966)
For You I Die(John Reinhardt, 1947)
Crashing Hollywood(Lew Landers, 1937/8)
Le Souvenir d’un avenir(Chris. Marker & Yannick Bellon, 2001)
Susan Slept Here(Frank Tashlin, 1954)
Bishkanyar Deshot(In the Land of Poison Women;Manju Borah, 2019)
Pollyanna(David Swift, 1960)
A Tale of Two Cities(Jack Conway;collab.Val Lewton & Jacques Tourneur, 1935)
Café Society(Woody Allen, 2016)
Shadow on the Wall(Patrick Jackson, 1949/50)
Tonnerre(Guillaume Brac, 2013)
Le Jouet criminel(Adolfo G. Arrieta, 1969)
‘Once more, with feeling!’(Stanley Donen, 1959)
The Shopworn Angel(H.C. Potter, 1938)
The Absent Minded Professor(Robert Stevenson, 1961)
Gavaznha(The Deer;Masud Kimiai, 1974)
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Décembre MMXX
Films
L'Incorrigible (1973) de Philippe de Broca avec Jean-Paul Belmondo, Geneviève Bujold, Julien Guiomar et Charles Gérard
Sans issue (The Cold Light of Day) (2012) de Mabrouk El Mechri avec Henry Cavill, Bruce Willis, Verónica Echegui et Sigourney Weaver
Lucy (2014) de Luc Besson avec Scarlett Johansson, Morgan Freeman et Choi Min-sik
L’Homme à la Buick (1968) de Gilles Grangier avec Fernandel, Danielle Darrieux et Jean-Pierre Marielle
Astérix et la Surprise de César (1985) de Gaëtan et Paul Brizzi avec Roger Carel, Pierre Tornade et Pierre Mondy
Le Pacha (1968) de Georges Lautner avec Jean Gabin, Robert Dalban, Dany Carrel et André Pousse
Astérix chez les Bretons (1986) de Pino Van Lamsweerde avec Roger Carel, Pierre Tornade, Graham Bushnell, Serge Sauvion et Pierre Mondy
Les Grandes Gueules (1965) de Robert Enrico avec Bourvil, Lino Ventura, Jess Hahn, Marie Dubois et Michel Constantin
Mademoiselle de Joncquières (2018) de Emmanuel Mouret avec Cécile de France, Édouard Baer et Alice Isaaz
Fais pas ci, fais pas ça : Y aura-t-il Noël à Noël ? (2020) de Michel Leclerc avec Valérie Bonneton, Isabelle Gélinas, Guillaume de Tonquédec, Bruno Salomone, Yaniss Lespert, Tiphaine Haas et Cannelle Carré-Cassaigne
Top Secret (The Tamarind Seed) (1974) de Blake Edwards avec Julie Andrews, Omar Sharif et Anthony Quayle
L'Homme qui n'a pas d'étoile (Man without a Star) (1955) de King Vidor avec Kirk Douglas, Jeanne Crain, Claire Trevor et William Campbell
Fanfan la Tulipe (1952) de Christian-Jaque avec Gérard Philipe, Gina Lollobrigida, Noël Roquevert et Olivier Hussenot
Ben-Hur (1959) de William Wyler avec Charlton Heston, Stephen Boyd et Haya Harareet
Le Plus Grand Cirque du monde (Circus World) (1964) de Henry Hathaway avec John Wayne, Claudia Cardinale et Rita Hayworth
Chouans ! (1988) de Philippe de Broca avec Philippe Noiret, Sophie Marceau, Stéphane Freiss et Lambert Wilson
Spectacle
La Main Passe (1972) de Georges Feydeau avec Sophie Desmarets, Alfred Adam, Jean-Pierre Darras, Françoise Engel, Pierre Doris, Georges Montillier, Max Montavon, Daniel Prévost, Philippe Dumas, Christiane Muller, Annie Roudier, Jacques Balutin, Marc Dudicourt et Aimé Jean
Ma femme s'appelle Maurice (1999) de Raffy Shart avec Michèle Bardollet, Philippe Chevallier, Jacques Ciron, Régis Laspalès, Isabelle Moulin, Claire Nader, Bernard Rosselli
Beaufils et fils (1980) de Raoul Praxy avec Bunny Godillot, Georges Beller, Francis Lax, Pascal Mazzotti, Yvonne Clech, Marcel Charvey et Bruno Balp
Le canard à l'orange (2019) de William Douglas Home avec Sophie Arthur, Nicolas Briançon, Anne Charrier, Alice Dufour et François Vincentelli
Tailleur pour dames (2008) de Georges Feydeau avec Pierre Arditi, Emmanuelle Devos, François Berléand, Marie-Anne Chazel et Marthe Villalonga
Le père Noël est une ordure (1986) de la troupe du Splendid avec Anémone, Thierry Lhermitte, Marie-Anne Chazel, Gérard Jugnot, Christian Clavier et Bruno Moynot
13 à Table (2020) de Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon avec Pierre Palmade, Virginie Hocq, Benjamin Gauthier, Joffrey Platel, Agnès Miguras, Christophe Canard et Sandra De Jesus
Le prénom (2011) de Matthieu Delaporte et Alexandre de la Patellière avec Valérie Benguigui, Patrick Bruel, Guillaume de Tonquédec, Judith El Zein et Jean-Michel Dupuis
Une Heure de Tranquillité (2020) de Florian Zeller avec François Berléand, Isabelle Gélinas, Rod Paradot, Nicolas Vaude, Christelle Reboul et Thierry Lopez
La dernière vague (2019) d’Indochine
Séries
Hero Corp Saison 1
Le Village - Révélations - Retour aux sources - À l’intérieur - Duel - La tempête - Au pied des murs
Friends Saison 1, 2
Celui qui déménage - Celui qui est perdu - Celui qui a un rôle - Celui avec George - Celui qui lave plus blanc - Celui qui est verni - Celui qui a du jus - Celui qui hallucine - Celui qui parle au ventre de sa femme - Celui qui singeait - Celui qui était comme les autres - Celui qui aimait les lasagnes - Celui qui fait des descentes dans les douches - Celui qui avait un cœur d'artichaut - Celui qui pète les plombs - Celui qui devient papa : 1re partie - Celui qui devient papa : 2e partie - Celui qui gagnait au poker - Celui qui a perdu son singe - Celui qui a un dentiste carié - Celui qui avait un singe - Celui qui rêve par procuration - Celui qui a failli rater l'accouchement - Celui qui fait craquer Rachel - Celui qui a une nouvelle fiancée - Celui qui est mort dans l’appart du dessous - Celui qui détestait le lait maternel - Celui qui avait viré de bord - Celui qui se faisait passer pour Bob - Celui qui a oublié un bébé dans le bus - Celui qui tombe des nues - Celui qui a été très maladroit - Celui qui cassait les radiateurs - Celui qui se dédouble - Celui qui n'apprécie pas certains mariages - Celui qui retrouve son singe : 1re partie - Celui qui retrouve son singe : 2eme partie - Celui qui a failli aller au bal de promo - Celui qui a fait on se fait quoi avec Rachel - Celui qui vit sa vie - Celui qui remplace celui qui part - Celui qui disparaît de la série - Celui qui ne voulait pas partir - Celui qui se met à parler
Kaamelott Livre III, IV, V
Arthur in Love II - La Grande Bataille - La Fête de l’hiver II - Sous les verrous II - Le Vulgarisateur - Witness - Le Tribut - Le Culte secret - Le Mangonneau - La Chevalerie - Le Mauvais Augure - Raison d’argent II - Les Auditeurs libres - Le Baiser romain - L’Espion - Alone in the Dark - Le Législateur - L’Insomniaque - L’Étudiant - Le Médiateur - Le Trophée - Hollow Man - La Dispute 1re partie - La Dispute 2e partie - Tous les matins du monde 1re partie - Tous les matins du monde 2e partie - Raison et Sentiments - Les Tartes aux fraises - Le Dédale - Les Pisteurs - Le Traître - La Faute 1re partie - La Faute 2e partie - L’Ascension du Lion - Une vie simple - Le Privilégié - Le Bouleversé - Les Liaisons dangereuses - Les Exploités II - Dagonet et le Cadastre - Duel 1re partie - Duel 2e partie - La Foi bretonne - Au service secret de Sa Majesté - La Parade - Seigneur Caius - L’Échange 1re partie - L’Échange 2e partie - L’Échelle de Perceval - La Chambre de la reine - Les Émancipés - La Révoquée - La Baliste II - Les Bonnes - La Révolte III - Le Rapport - L’Art de la table - Les Novices - Les Refoulés - Les Tuteurs II - Le Tourment IV - Le Rassemblement du corbeau II - Le Grand Départ - L’Auberge rouge - Les Curieux 1re partie - Les Curieux 2e partie - La Clandestine - Les Envahisseurs - La vie est belle - La Relève - Les Tacticiens 1re partie - Les Tacticiens 2e partie - Drakkars ! - La Réponse - Unagi IV - La Permission - Anges et Démons - La Rémanence - Le Refuge - Le Dragon gris - La Potion de vivacité II - Vox populi III - La Sonde - La Réaffectation - La Poétique II 1re partie - La Poétique II 2e partie - Le Jeu de la guerre - Le Rêve d’Ygerne - Les Chaperons - L’Habitué - Le Camp romain - L’Usurpateur - Loth et le Graal - Le Paladin - Perceval fait ritournelle - La Dame et le Lac - Beaucoup de bruit pour rien - L’Ultimatum - Le Oud II - La Répétition - Le Discours - Le Choix de Gauvain - Fluctuat nec mergitur - Le Face-à-face 1re partie - Le Face-à-face 2e partie - L’Entente cordiale - L’Approbation - Alone in the Dark II - La Blessure d’Yvain - Corpore sano II - L’Enchanteur - Les Bien Nommés - La Prisonnière - Les Paris III - Les Plaques de dissimulation - Le Vice de forme - Le Renoncement 1re partie - Le Renoncement 2e partie - L’Inspiration - Les Endettés - Double Dragon - Le Sauvetage - Le Désordre et la Nuit - Corvus Corone - La Roche et le Fer
Doctor Who Series 4
Une croisière autour de la Terre - Le Retour de Donna Noble
Chapeau melon et bottes de cuir Saison 5
Le Mort vivant - Tigre caché
The Rookie Saison 2
Sous pression - La Dernière Ligne droite - La Taupe
Top Gear
Spécial Pôle Nord
Les Rois maudits
Le Roi de fer
The Grand Tour Saison 4
The Grand Tour présente... Seamen - The Grand Tour présente : La Chasse Au Trésor
Livres
Astérix Tome 4 : Astérix gladiateur de René Goscinny et Albert Uderzo
Astérix Tome 5 : Le tour de Gaule d'Astérix de René Goscinny et Albert Uderzo
Kaamelott Livre VI : Texte intégral d’Alexandre Astier
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🖤 Credits 🖤
🖤 To those who read, liked, and / or reblogged:
@clevermentalitybeliever , @heaven-on-a-landslide , @shadowrosess , @ceruleanworld , @ehrzeth , @lessy86 , @gothghoulfiend , @simmy-ships , @boundbysoul , @birdgirl69 , @yepps , and @krazy06 .
🖤 To those who helped me with translations and dialogue:
Spanish / Alicia - @beyond-the-mirror
German / Sister Christina - @la-vita
French / Solagne - @capsule-cosplay
Russian / Natasha / Petya - @vergils-daughter
And
Italian / Cagliostro - Daarxen
🖤 To the special people who gave me valuable advice:
@micaelagua and @brattyvitale
🖤 To the person who helped me send out some precious, coded messages through the language of flowers:
@harlot-of-oblivion
🖤 To the person who gave her support through means of her amazing render:
@bettybattaglia
🖤 To the person who urged me to start everything:
@diabeticsugarush
🖤 To a friend who shared her thoughts with me and who supported me with this fic:
@cantcopewithlosingv
🖤 To this wonderful person who supported me and gave me advice, not only as a writer but, as a friend, as well. I wanted to confess that I was thinking of abandoning this fic halfway through the story due to anxiety and a complete lack of motivation.
But, because of you, I was able to see this battle through. I was able to deliver a story that I will cherish for as long as I live. With your special participation, we were able to bring out all of the emotions we wanted convey through these memorable characters. Because of you, I was able to deliver an ending that I will never, ever forget.
I was able to give V and the reader the happy ending they truly deserved.
You have witnessed everything, and you stayed.
Thank you so much for everything. I' am truly honored, fortunate, and grateful to have ever met you, @la-vita .
🖤 And to everyone who laughed, cried, and fought this battle along with me and the main protagonist,...
... you are truly unforgettable.
🖤 Songs / Music mentioned and / or directly played 🖤
1. Franz Schubert's Ave Maria
2. Postmodern Jukebox's Sunflower, version by Leah Zeger
3. Tashaki Miyaki's I Only Have Eyes For You
4. Skeeter Davis' End Of The World
5. Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody
6. Jimmie Davis' You Are My Sunshine
7. Sitti Navarro's Invisible War
8. Jeff Buckley's Hallelujah
9. Casey And Ali Edwards' Devil Trigger
10. Rin Oikawa's I'll Be Your Home
11. James Taylor's You've Got A Friend
12. Flanagan And Allen's Run, Rabbit, Run
13. Sleeping At Last's Turning Page, rendition on piano
14. Kota Suzuki's Silver Bullet
15. Jeff Rona's Crimson Cloud
16. Natalie And Nat King Cole's Unforgettable ( Main Theme )
17. Sesame Street Main Theme
18. Chuck Of Supernatural's Fare Thee Well
19. Ella Fitzgerald And George Gershwin's Someone To Watch Over Me
20. Sergei Rachmaninov's Cello Sonata in G Minor, Opus 19, 3rd Movement, Andante, as played by Yo - Yo Ma on cello and Emmanuel Ax on piano
21. Claude Debussy's Maid With The Flaxen Hair
22. Charles Camille Saint - Saens' Carnival Of The Animals, The Swan
23. Sleeping At Last's Turning Page
24. Laura And Anton's La Vie En Rose
🖤 Announcement 🖤
V and the reader's tale may have ended on the 35th chapter but, it doesn't necessarily mean that it has truly ended.
For, on the first quarter of the year 2020, I will post 4 more different endings to this tale: 3 Alternate Endings, and 1 Ending.
Other than that, other plans I have for Devil May Cry 5 are:
1. A Dante X GN Reader Oneshot
2. A Vergil X Reader Oneshot
3. The continuation of 💙 Chat Buddies 💙
4. The ongoing ❄ Three Wishes ❄
And
5. A V X Reader Modern College AU ( not what you think it would be )
Requests are still open. Anyone who is willing to drop me a request or two is very much welcome.
***
That's why, darling, it's incredible,... that someone,... so unforgettable,... thinks that I' am,... unforgettable,... too.
***
Thank you so much, from the bottom of my heart.
***
🖤🖤🖤
***
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Here are the top 500 baby name meaning!
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1. Top 500 baby name meaning
Rank Male name Female name 1 Liam Emma 2 Noah Olivia 3 William Ava 4 James Isabella 5 Oliver Sophia 6 Benjamin Charlotte 7 Elijah Mia 8 Lucas Amelia 9 Mason Harper 10 Logan Evelyn 11 Alexander Abigail 12 Ethan Emily 13 Jacob Elizabeth 14 Michael Mila 15 Daniel Ella 16 Henry Avery 17 Jackson Sofia 18 Sebastian Camila 19 Aiden Aria 20 Matthew Scarlett 21 Samuel Victoria 22 David Madison 23 Joseph Luna 24 Carter Grace 25 Owen Chloe 26 Wyatt Penelope 27 John Layla 28 Jack Riley 29 Luke Zoey 30 Jayden Nora 31 Dylan Lily 32 Grayson Eleanor 33 Levi Hannah 34 Isaac Lillian 35 Gabriel Addison 36 Julian Aubrey 37 Mateo Ellie 38 Anthony Stella 39 Jaxon Natalie 40 Lincoln Zoe 41 Joshua Leah 42 Christopher Hazel 43 Andrew Violet 44 Theodore Aurora 45 Caleb Savannah 46 Ryan Audrey 47 Asher Brooklyn 48 Nathan Bella 49 Thomas Claire 50 Leo Skylar 51 Isaiah Lucy 52 Charles Paisley 53 Josiah Everly 54 Hudson Anna 55 Christian Caroline 56 Hunter Nova 57 Connor Genesis 58 Eli Emilia 59 Ezra Kennedy 60 Aaron Samantha 61 Landon Maya 62 Adrian Willow 63 Jonathan Kinsley 64 Nolan Naomi 65 Jeremiah Aaliyah 66 Easton Elena 67 Elias Sarah 68 Colton Ariana 69 Cameron Allison 70 Carson Gabriella 71 Robert Alice 72 Angel Madelyn 73 Maverick Cora 74 Nicholas Ruby 75 Dominic Eva 76 Jaxson Serenity 77 Greyson Autumn 78 Adam Adeline 79 Ian Hailey 80 Austin Gianna 81 Santiago Valentina 82 Jordan Isla 83 Cooper Eliana 84 Brayden Quinn 85 Roman Nevaeh 86 Evan Ivy 87 Ezekiel Sadie 88 Xavier Piper 89 Jose Lydia 90 Jace Alexa 91 Jameson Josephine 92 Leonardo Emery 93 Bryson Julia 94 Axel Delilah 95 Everett Arianna 96 Parker Vivian 97 Kayden Kaylee 98 Miles Sophie 99 Sawyer Brielle 100 Jason Madeline 101 Declan Peyton 102 Weston Rylee 103 Micah Clara 104 Ayden Hadley 105 Wesley Melanie 106 Luca Mackenzie 107 Vincent Reagan 108 Damian Adalynn 109 Zachary Liliana 110 Silas Aubree 111 Gavin Jade 112 Chase Katherine 113 Kai Isabelle 114 Emmett Natalia 115 Harrison Raelynn 116 Nathaniel Maria 117 Kingston Athena 118 Cole Ximena 119 Tyler Arya 120 Bennett Leilani 121 Bentley Taylor 122 Ryker Faith 123 Tristan Rose 124 Brandon Kylie 125 Kevin Alexandra 126 Luis Mary 127 George Margaret 128 Ashton Lyla 129 Rowan Ashley 130 Braxton Amaya 131 Ryder Eliza 132 Gael Brianna 133 Ivan Bailey 134 Diego Andrea 135 Maxwell Khloe 136 Max Jasmine 137 Carlos Melody 138 Kaiden Iris 139 Juan Isabel 140 Maddox Norah 141 Justin Annabelle 142 Waylon Valeria 143 Calvin Emerson 144 Giovanni Adalyn 145 Jonah Ryleigh 146 Abel Eden 147 Jayce Emersyn 148 Jesus Anastasia 149 Amir Kayla 150 King Alyssa 151 Beau Juliana 152 Camden Charlie 153 Alex Esther 154 Jasper Ariel 155 Malachi Cecilia 156 Brody Valerie 157 Jude Alina 158 Blake Molly 159 Emmanuel Reese 160 Eric Aliyah 161 Brooks Lilly 162 Elliot Parker 163 Antonio Finley 164 Abraham Morgan 165 Timothy Sydney 166 Finn Jordyn 167 Rhett Eloise 168 Elliott Trinity 169 Edward Daisy 170 August Kimberly 171 Xander Lauren 172 Alan Genevieve 173 Dean Sara 174 Lorenzo Arabella 175 Bryce Harmony 176 Karter Elise 177 Victor Remi 178 Milo Teagan 179 Miguel Alexis 180 Hayden London 181 Graham Sloane 182 Grant Laila 183 Zion Lucia 184 Tucker Diana 185 Jesse Juliette 186 Zayden Sienna 187 Joel Elliana 188 Richard Londyn 189 Patrick Ayla 190 Emiliano Callie 191 Avery Gracie 192 Nicolas Josie 193 Brantley Amara 194 Dawson Jocelyn 195 Myles Daniela 196 Matteo Everleigh 197 River Mya 198 Steven Rachel 199 Thiago Summer 200 Zane Alana 201 Matias Brooke 202 Judah Alaina 203 Messiah Mckenzie 204 Jeremy Catherine 205 Preston Amy 206 Oscar Presley 207 Kaleb Journee 208 Alejandro Rosalie 209 Marcus Ember 210 Mark Brynlee 211 Peter Rowan 212 Maximus Joanna 213 Barrett Paige 214 Jax Rebecca 215 Andres Ana 216 Holden Sawyer 217 Legend Mariah 218 Charlie Nicole 219 Knox Brooklynn 220 Kaden Payton 221 Paxton Marley 222 Kyrie Fiona 223 Kyle Georgia 224 Griffin Lila 225 Josue Harley 226 Kenneth Adelyn 227 Beckett Alivia 228 Enzo Noelle 229 Adriel Gemma 230 Arthur Vanessa 231 Felix Journey 232 Bryan Makayla 233 Lukas Angelina 234 Paul Adaline 235 Brian Catalina 236 Colt Alayna 237 Caden Julianna 238 Leon Leila 239 Archer Lola 240 Omar Adriana 241 Israel June 242 Aidan Juliet 243 Theo Jayla 244 Javier River 245 Remington Tessa 246 Jaden Lia 247 Bradley Dakota 248 Emilio Delaney 249 Colin Selena 250 Riley Blakely 251 Cayden Ada 252 Phoenix Camille 253 Clayton Zara 254 Simon Malia 255 Ace Hope 256 Nash Samara 257 Derek Vera 258 Rafael Mckenna 259 Zander Briella 260 Brady Izabella 261 Jorge Hayden 262 Jake Raegan 263 Louis Michelle 264 Damien Angela 265 Karson Ruth 266 Walker Freya 267 Maximiliano Kamila 268 Amari Vivienne 269 Sean Aspen 270 Chance Olive 271 Walter Kendall 272 Martin Elaina 273 Finley Thea 274 Andre Kali 275 Tobias Destiny 276 Cash Amiyah 277 Corbin Evangeline 278 Arlo Cali 279 Iker Blake 280 Erick Elsie 281 Emerson Juniper 282 Gunner Alexandria 283 Cody Myla 284 Stephen Ariella 285 Francisco Kate 286 Killian Mariana 287 Dallas Lilah 288 Reid Charlee 289 Manuel Daleyza 290 Lane Nyla 291 Atlas Jane 292 Rylan Maggie 293 Jensen Zuri 294 Ronan Aniyah 295 Beckham Lucille 296 Daxton Leia 297 Anderson Melissa 298 Kameron Adelaide 299 Raymond Amina 300 Orion Giselle 301 Cristian Lena 302 Tanner Camilla 303 Kyler Miriam 304 Jett Millie 305 Cohen Brynn 306 Ricardo Gabrielle 307 Spencer Sage 308 Gideon Annie 309 Ali Logan 310 Fernando Lilliana 311 Jaiden Haven 312 Titus Jessica 313 Travis Kaia 314 Bodhi Magnolia 315 Eduardo Amira 316 Dante Adelynn 317 Ellis Makenzie 318 Prince Stephanie 319 Kane Nina 320 Luka Phoebe 321 Kash Arielle 322 Hendrix Evie 323 Desmond Lyric 324 Donovan Alessandra 325 Mario Gabriela 326 Atticus Paislee 327 Cruz Raelyn 328 Garrett Madilyn 329 Hector Paris 330 Angelo Makenna 331 Jeffrey Kinley 332 Edwin Gracelyn 333 Cesar Talia 334 Zayn Maeve 335 Devin Rylie 336 Conor Kiara 337 Warren Evelynn 338 Odin Brinley 339 Jayceon Jacqueline 340 Romeo Laura 341 Julius Gracelynn 342 Jaylen Lexi 343 Hayes Ariah 344 Kayson Fatima 345 Muhammad Jennifer 346 Jaxton Kehlani 347 Joaquin Alani 348 Caiden Ariyah 349 Dakota Luciana 350 Major Allie 351 Keegan Heidi 352 Sergio Maci 353 Marshall Phoenix 354 Johnny Felicity 355 Kade Joy 356 Edgar Kenzie 357 Leonel Veronica 358 Ismael Margot 359 Marco Addilyn 360 Tyson Lana 361 Wade Cassidy 362 Collin Remington 363 Troy Saylor 364 Nasir Ryan 365 Conner Keira 366 Adonis Harlow 367 Jared Miranda 368 Rory Angel 369 Andy Amanda 370 Jase Daniella 371 Lennox Royalty 372 Shane Gwendolyn 373 Malik Ophelia 374 Ari Heaven 375 Reed Jordan 376 Seth Madeleine 377 Clark Esmeralda 378 Erik Kira 379 Lawson Miracle 380 Trevor Elle 381 Gage Amari 382 Nico Danielle 383 Malakai Daphne 384 Quinn Willa 385 Cade Haley 386 Johnathan Gia 387 Sullivan Kaitlyn 388 Solomon Oakley 389 Cyrus Kailani 390 Fabian Winter 391 Pedro Alicia 392 Frank Serena 393 Shawn Nadia 394 Malcolm Aviana 395 Khalil Demi 396 Nehemiah Jada 397 Dalton Braelynn 398 Mathias Dylan 399 Jay Ainsley 400 Ibrahim Alison 401 Peyton Camryn 402 Winston Avianna 403 Kason Bianca 404 Zayne Skyler 405 Noel Scarlet 406 Princeton Maddison 407 Matthias Nylah 408 Gregory Sarai 409 Sterling Regina 410 Dominick Dahlia 411 Elian Nayeli 412 Grady Raven 413 Russell Helen 414 Finnegan Adrianna 415 Ruben Averie 416 Gianni Skye 417 Porter Kelsey 418 Kendrick Tatum 419 Leland Kensley 420 Pablo Maliyah 421 Allen Erin 422 Hugo Viviana 423 Raiden Jenna 424 Kolton Anaya 425 Remy Carolina 426 Ezequiel Shelby 427 Damon Sabrina 428 Emanuel Mikayla 429 Zaiden Annalise 430 Otto Octavia 431 Bowen Lennon 432 Marcos Blair 433 Abram Carmen 434 Kasen Yaretzi 435 Franklin Kennedi 436 Royce Mabel 437 Jonas Zariah 438 Sage Kyla 439 Philip Christina 440 Esteban Selah 441 Drake Celeste 442 Kashton Eve 443 Roberto Mckinley 444 Harvey Milani 445 Alexis Frances 446 Kian Jimena 447 Jamison Kylee 448 Maximilian Leighton 449 Adan Katie 450 Milan Aitana 451 Phillip Kayleigh 452 Albert Sierra 453 Dax Kathryn 454 Mohamed Rosemary 455 Ronin Jolene 456 Kamden Alondra 457 Hank Elisa 458 Memphis Helena 459 Oakley Charleigh 460 Augustus Hallie 461 Drew Lainey 462 Moises Avah 463 Armani Jazlyn 464 Rhys Kamryn 465 Benson Mira 466 Jayson Cheyenne 467 Kyson Francesca 468 Braylen Antonella 469 Corey Wren 470 Gunnar Chelsea 471 Omari Amber 472 Alonzo Emory 473 Landen Lorelei 474 Armando Nia 475 Derrick Abby 476 Dexter April 477 Enrique Emelia 478 Bruce Carter 479 Nikolai Aylin 480 Francis Cataleya 481 Rocco Bethany 482 Kairo Marlee 483 Royal Carly 484 Zachariah Kaylani 485 Arjun Emely 486 Deacon Liana 487 Skyler Madelynn 488 Eden Cadence 489 Alijah Matilda 490 Rowen Sylvia 491 Pierce Myra 492 Uriel Fernanda 493 Ronald Oaklyn 494 Luciano Elianna 495 Tate Hattie 496 Frederick Dayana 497 Kieran Kendra 498 Lawrence Maisie 499 Moses Malaysia 500 Rodrigo Kara
2. Meaning of name "Liam" and "Emma"
Liam:
Liam's name is the name of a boy of Irish origin meaning "resolute protection".
Liam originated as the nickname of Uilliam, the Irish variant of William. William is an English name from German origin brought to Ireland when the British fled England after the conquest of Norman.
The Irish began to use English names, including William, which led to the development of Uilliam and its short form, Liam.
Liam is the top US boy's name for 2018, joining the elite group of names to top the list. Liam started out as a short form of William but has long stood on his own and for several years has become one of the most popular baby names for boys.
Now it is the fastest-growing Irish name in the United States, first entering the Top 10 in 2012 and before climbing to No. 1, holding No. 2 for four consecutive years.
Emma:
Initially, a short form of the German name beginning with the ermen element meaning "whole" or "universal". It was introduced to England by Emma of Normandy, who was the wife of King Ethelred II (and by him the mother of Edward the Confession) and later King Canute.
After the Norman conquest, this name became popular in England. It was revived in the 18th century, perhaps in part because of a poem by Henry Prior Henry and Emma (1709). In the United States, it ranked third in 1880 (after Mary and Anna were omnipresent).
It declined steadily over the next century, beginning another rise in the 1980s and eventually becoming the most popular name for girls in 2008.
At this time it also experienced similar levels of popularity elsewhere, including the United Kingdom (where it began rising a decade earlier), Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Scandinavia, and the Netherlands.
More ideals for you: Top 500 Arabic Names
From : https://wikitopx.com/name-meanings/top-500-baby-name-meaning-711994.html
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#black people#black#black history#black tumblr#blacktumblr#pan africanism#black conscious#africa#black power#black empowering#king emmanuel charles edwards#jah rastafari#rastafari#rasta
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Names For Scrivener
I wanted more names for my scrivener so I looked up a long ass list of names and formatted it to be uploaded by scrivener for the random name generator.
I will say there are 1,000 boy and girl names in this list but they dont have an ethnicity or name meaning tagged on them. I wanted to just do a quick thing for names to import on scriveners name generator. I figured I might as well share it all. Its under the read more if you want the list ^^ I didnt want to make a giant ass post followers who didnt care would have to deal with.
Aarav,M, , Aaron,M, , Abdiel,M, , Abdullah,M, , Abel,M, , Abraham,M, , Abram,M, , Ace,M, , Achilles,M, , Adam,M, , Adan,M, , Aden,M, , Adonis,M, , Adrian,M, , Adriel,M, , Adrien,M, , Ahmad,M, , Ahmed,M, , Ahmir,M, , Aidan,M, , Aiden,M, , Alan,M, , Alaric,M, , Albert,M, , Alberto,M, , Alden,M, , Aldo,M, , Alec,M, , Alejandro,M, , Alessandro,M, , Alex,M, , Alexander,M, , Alexis,M, , Alexzander,M, , Alfonso,M, , Alfred,M, , Alfredo,M, , Ali,M, , Alijah,M, , Allan,M, , Allen,M, , Alonso,M, , Alonzo,M, , Alvaro,M, , Alvin,M, , Amari,M, , Ameer,M, , Amir,M, , Amos,M, , Anakin,M, , Anders,M, , Anderson,M, , Andre,M, , Andres,M, , Andrew,M, , Andy,M, , Angel,M, , Angelo,M, , Anson,M, , Anthony,M, , Antonio,M, , Apollo,M, , Archer,M, , Archie,M, , Ares,M, , Ari,M, , Arian,M, , Ariel,M, , Aries,M, , Arjun,M, , Arlo,M, , Armando,M, , Armani,M, , Aron,M, , Arthur,M, , Arturo,M, , Aryan,M, , Asa,M, , Asher,M, , Ashton,M, , Atlas,M, , Atticus,M, , August,M, , Augustine,M, , Augustus,M, , Austin,M, , Avery,M, , Avi,M, , Axel,M, , Axl,M, , Axton,M, , Ayaan,M, , Ayden,M, , Aydin,M, , Azariah,M, , Baker,M, , Barrett,M, , Baylor,M, , Beau,M, , Beckett,M, , Beckham,M, , Ben,M, , Benedict,M, , Benicio,M, , Benjamin,M, , Bennett,M, , Benson,M, , Bentlee,M, , Bentley,M, , Benton,M, , Billy,M, , Bishop,M, , Bjorn,M, , Blaine,M, , Blake,M, , Blaze,M, , Bo,M, , Bobby,M, , Bode,M, , Boden,M, , Bodhi,M, , Bodie,M, , Boone,M, , Boston,M, , Bowen,M, , Bowie,M, , Braden,M, , Bradley,M, , Brady,M, , Brandon,M, , Branson,M, , Brantley,M, , Braxton,M, , Brayan,M, , Brayden,M, , Braydon,M, , Braylen,M, , Braylon,M, , Brecken,M, , Brendan,M, , Brennan,M, , Brentley,M, , Brett,M, , Brian,M, , Briar,M, , Bridger,M, , Briggs,M, , Brixton,M, , Brock,M, , Brodie,M, , Brody,M, , Bronson,M, , Brooks,M, , Bruce,M, , Bruno,M, , Bryan,M, , Bryant,M, , Bryce,M, , Brycen,M, , Brysen,M, , Bryson,M, , Byron,M, , Cade,M, , Caden,M, , Caiden,M, , Cain,M, , Cairo,M, , Caleb,M, , Callan,M, , Callen,M, , Callum,M, , Calvin,M, , Camden,M, , Camdyn,M, , Cameron,M, , Camilo,M, , Canaan,M, , Cannon,M, , Carl,M, , Carlos,M, , Carmelo,M, , Carson,M, , Carter,M, , Case,M, , Casen,M, , Casey,M, , Cash,M, , Cason,M, , Caspian,M, , Cassius,M, , Castiel,M, , Cayden,M, , Cayson,M, , Cedric,M, , Cesar,M, , Chad,M, , Chaim,M, , Chance,M, , Chandler,M, , Charles,M, , Charlie,M, , Chase,M, , Chris,M, , Christian,M, , Christopher,M, , Clark,M, , Clay,M, , Clayton,M, , Clyde,M, , Cody,M, , Coen,M, , Cohen,M, , Colby,M, , Cole,M, , Coleman,M, , Colin,M, , Collin,M, , Colson,M, , Colt,M, , Colten,M, , Colton,M, , Conner,M, , Connor,M, , Conor,M, , Conrad,M, , Cooper,M, , Corbin,M, , Corey,M, , Cory,M, , Creed,M, , Crew,M, , Cristian,M, , Cristiano,M, , Crosby,M, , Cruz,M, , Cullen,M, , Curtis,M, , Cyrus,M, , Dakari,M, , Dakota,M, , Dallas,M, , Dalton,M, , Damari,M, , Damian,M, , Damien,M, , Damon,M, , Dane,M, , Dangelo,M, , Daniel,M, , Danny,M, , Dante,M, , Darian,M, , Dariel,M, , Dario,M, , Darius,M, , Darren,M, , Darwin,M, , Dash,M, , Davian,M, , David,M, , Davion,M, , Davis,M, , Dawson,M, , Dax,M, , Daxton,M, , Dayton,M, , Deacon,M, , Dean,M, , Deandre,M, , Deangelo,M, , Decker,M, , Declan,M, , Demetrius,M, , Dennis,M, , Denver,M, , Derek,M, , Derrick,M, , Deshawn,M, , Desmond,M, , Devin,M, , Devon,M, , Dexter,M, , Diego,M, , Dillon,M, , Dominic,M, , Dominick,M, , Dominik,M, , Donald,M, , Donovan,M, , Dorian,M, , Douglas,M, , Drake,M, , Draven,M, , Drew,M, , Duke,M, , Duncan,M, , Dustin,M, , Dwayne,M, , Dylan,M, , Easton,M, , Eddie,M, , Eden,M, , Edgar,M, , Edison,M, , Eduardo,M, , Edward,M, , Edwin,M, , Eli,M, , Elian,M, , Elias,M, , Elijah,M, , Eliseo,M, , Elisha,M, , Elliot,M, , Elliott,M, , Ellis,M, , Elon,M, , Emanuel,M, , Emerson,M, , Emery,M, , Emiliano,M, , Emilio,M, , Emmanuel,M, , Emmett,M, , Emmitt,M, , Emory,M, , Enoch,M, , Enrique,M, , Enzo,M, , Ephraim,M, , Eric,M, , Erick,M, , Erik,M, , Ernest,M, , Ernesto,M, , Esteban,M, , Ethan,M, , Eugene,M, , Evan,M, , Everett,M, , Ezekiel,M, , Ezequiel,M, , Ezra,M, , Fabian,M, , Felipe,M, , Felix,M, , Fernando,M, , Finley,M, , Finn,M, , Finnegan,M, , Finnley,M, , Fisher,M, , Fletcher,M, , Flynn,M, , Ford,M, , Forest,M, , Forrest,M, , Fox,M, , Francis,M, , Francisco,M, , Franco,M, , Frank,M, , Franklin,M, , Frederick,M, , Gabriel,M, , Gael,M, , Gage,M, , Gannon,M, , Garrett,M, , Gary,M, , Gatlin,M, , Gavin,M, , Genesis,M, , George,M, , Gerald,M, , Gerardo,M, , Gianni,M, , Gibson,M, , Gideon,M, , Giovanni,M, , Gordon,M, , Grady,M, , Graham,M, , Grant,M, , Graysen,M, , Grayson,M, , Gregory,M, , Grey,M, , Greyson,M, , Griffin,M, , Guillermo,M, , Gunnar,M, , Gunner,M, , Gus,M, , Gustavo,M, , Hamza,M, , Hank,M, , Harlan,M, , Harlem,M, , Harley,M, , Harold,M, , Harper,M, , Harrison,M, , Harry,M, , Harvey,M, , Hassan,M, , Hayden,M, , Hayes,M, , Heath,M, , Hector,M, , Hendrix,M, , Henrik,M, , Henry,M, , Hezekiah,M, , Holden,M, , Houston,M, , Howard,M, , Hudson,M, , Hugh,M, , Hugo,M, , Hunter,M, , Huxley,M, , Ian,M, , Ibrahim,M, , Idris,M, , Ignacio,M, , Iker,M, , Immanuel,M, , Imran,M, , Ira,M, , Isaac,M, , Isaiah,M, , Isaias,M, , Ishaan,M, , Ismael,M, , Israel,M, , Issac,M, , Ivan,M, , Izaiah,M, , Jabari,M, , Jace,M, , Jack,M, , Jackson,M, , Jacob,M, , Jacoby,M, , Jad,M, , Jaden,M, , Jadiel,M, , Jagger,M, , Jaiden,M, , Jaime,M, , Jairo,M, , Jake,M, , Jakob,M, , Jalen,M, , Jamal,M, , Jamari,M, , James,M, , Jameson,M, , Jamie,M, , Jamir,M, , Jamison,M, , Jared,M, , Jase,M, , Jasiah,M, , Jason,M, , Jasper,M, , Javier,M, , Javion,M, , Jax,M, , Jaxen,M, , Jaxon,M, , Jaxson,M, , Jaxton,M, , Jaxtyn,M, , Jaxx,M, , Jaxxon,M, , Jay,M, , Jayce,M, , Jayceon,M, , Jayden,M, , Jaylen,M, , Jayson,M, , Jaziel,M, , Jedidiah,M, , Jefferson,M, , Jeffery,M, , Jeffrey,M, , Jensen,M, , Jeremiah,M, , Jeremias,M, , Jeremy,M, , Jericho,M, , Jermaine,M, , Jerome,M, , Jerry,M, , Jesiah,M, , Jesse,M, , Jesus,M, , Jett,M, , Jimmy,M, , Joaquin,M, , Joe,M, , Joel,M, , Joey,M, , Johan,M, , John,M, , Johnathan,M, , Johnny,M, , Jon,M, , Jonah,M, , Jonas,M, , Jonathan,M, , Jordan,M, , Jordy,M, , Jorge,M, , Jose,M, , Joseph,M, , Joshua,M, , Josiah,M, , Josue,M, , Joziah,M, , Juan,M, , Judah,M, , Jude,M, , Judson,M, , Juelz,M, , Julian,M, , Julien,M, , Julio,M, , Julius,M, , Junior,M, , Justice,M, , Justin,M, , Justus,M, , Kabir,M, , Kace,M, , Kade,M, , Kaden,M, , Kai,M, , Kaiden,M, , Kairo,M, , Kaiser,M, , Kaison,M, , Kaleb,M, , Kalel,M, , Kamari,M, , Kamden,M, , Kamdyn,M, , Kameron,M, , Kamryn,M, , Kane,M, , Kannon,M, , Kareem,M, , Karson,M, , Karsyn,M, , Karter,M, , Kase,M, , Kasen,M, , Kash,M, , Kashton,M, , Kason,M, , Kayden,M, , Kaysen,M, , Kayson,M, , Keagan,M, , Keanu,M, , Keaton,M, , Keegan,M, , Keenan,M, , Keith,M, , Kellan,M, , Kellen,M, , Kelvin,M, , Kendall,M, , Kendrick,M, , Kenneth,M, , Kenzo,M, , Kevin,M, , Khalid,M, , Khalil,M, , Khari,M, , Kian,M, , Kieran,M, , Killian,M, , King,M, , Kingsley,M, , Kingston,M, , Knox,M, , Koa,M, , Kobe,M, , Koda,M, , Kody,M, , Kohen,M, , Kole,M, , Kolton,M, , Konnor,M, , Korbin,M, , Korbyn,M, , Krew,M, , Kristian,M, , Kristopher,M, , Kye,M, , Kylan,M, , Kyle,M, , Kylen,M, , Kyler,M, , Kylo,M, , Kyng,M, , Kyree,M, , Kyrie,M, , Kyson,M, , Lachlan,M, , Lance,M, , Landen,M, , Landon,M, , Landry,M, , Landyn,M, , Lane,M, , Langston,M, , Larry,M, , Lawrence,M, , Lawson,M, , Layne,M, , Layton,M, , Leandro,M, , Ledger,M, , Lee,M, , Legend,M, , Leighton,M, , Leland,M, , Lennon,M, , Lennox,M, , Leo,M, , Leon,M, , Leonard,M, , Leonardo,M, , Leonel,M, , Leonidas,M, , Leroy,M, , Levi,M, , Lewis,M, , Liam,M, , Lian,M, , Lincoln,M, , Lionel,M, , Lochlan,M, , Logan,M, , London,M, , Lorenzo,M, , Louie,M, , Louis,M, , Luca,M, , Lucas,M, , Lucca,M, , Lucian,M, , Luciano,M, , Luis,M, , Luka,M, , Lukas,M, , Luke,M, , Lyle,M, , Lyric,M, , Mack,M, , Madden,M, , Maddox,M, , Maddux,M, , Magnus,M, , Maison,M, , Major,M, , Makai,M, , Malachi,M, , Malakai,M, , Malcolm,M, , Malik,M, , Manuel,M, , Marc,M, , Marcel,M, , Marcellus,M, , Marcelo,M, , Marco,M, , Marcos,M, , Marcus,M, , Mario,M, , Mark,M, , Markus,M, , Marley,M, , Marlon,M, , Marshall,M, , Martin,M, , Marvin,M, , Mason,M, , Mateo,M, , Mathew,M, , Mathias,M, , Matias,M, , Matteo,M, , Matthew,M, , Matthias,M, , Maurice,M, , Mauricio,M, , Maverick,M, , Max,M, , Maxim,M, , Maximilian,M, , Maximiliano,M, , Maximo,M, , Maximus,M, , Maxton,M, , Maxwell,M, , Mayson,M, , Mekhi,M, , Melvin,M, , Memphis,M, , Merrick,M, , Messiah,M, , Micah,M, , Michael,M, , Miguel,M, , Milan,M, , Miles,M, , Miller,M, , Milo,M, , Misael,M, , Mitchell,M, , Mohamed,M, , Mohammad,M, , Mohammed,M, , Moises,M, , Mordechai,M, , Morgan,M, , Moses,M, , Moshe,M, , Muhammad,M, , Musa,M, , Mustafa,M, , Myles,M, , Nash,M, , Nasir,M, , Nathan,M, , Nathanael,M, , Nathaniel,M, , Nehemiah,M, , Neil,M, , Nelson,M, , Nicholas,M, , Nickolas,M, , Nico,M, , Nicolas,M, , Niko,M, , Nikolai,M, , Nikolas,M, , Nixon,M, , Noah,M, , Noe,M, , Noel,M, , Nolan,M, , Nova,M, , Oakley,M, , Odin,M, , Oliver,M, , Omar,M, , Omari,M, , Onyx,M, , Orion,M, , Orlando,M, , Oscar,M, , Otis,M, , Otto,M, , Owen,M, , Pablo,M, , Parker,M, , Patrick,M, , Paul,M, , Paxton,M, , Payton,M, , Pedro,M, , Peter,M, , Peyton,M, , Philip,M, , Phillip,M, , Phoenix,M, , Pierce,M, , Porter,M, , Preston,M, , Prince,M, , Princeton,M, , Quentin,M, , Quincy,M, , Quinn,M, , Quinton,M, , Rafael,M, , Raiden,M, , Ralph,M, , Ramon,M, , Randall,M, , Randy,M, , Raphael,M, , Raul,M, , Ray,M, , Rayan,M, , Rayden,M, , Raylan,M, , Raymond,M, , Reece,M, , Reed,M, , Reese,M, , Reginald,M, , Reid,M, , Reign,M, , Remington,M, , Remy,M, , Rene,M, , Reuben,M, , Rex,M, , Rey,M, , Reyansh,M, , Rhett,M, , Rhys,M, , Ricardo,M, , Richard,M, , Ricky,M, , Ridge,M, , Riley,M, , River,M, , Robert,M, , Roberto,M, , Rocco,M, , Rocky,M, , Rodney,M, , Rodrigo,M, , Rogelio,M, , Roger,M, , Rohan,M, , Roland,M, , Roman,M, , Romeo,M, , Ronald,M, , Ronan,M, , Ronin,M, , Ronnie,M, , Rory,M, , Rowan,M, , Rowen,M, , Roy,M, , Royal,M, , Royce,M, , Ruben,M, , Rudy,M, , Russell,M, , Ryan,M, , Ryder,M, , Ryker,M, , Rylan,M, , Ryland,M, , Sage,M, , Saint,M, , Salvador,M, , Salvatore,M, , Sam,M, , Samir,M, , Samson,M, , Samuel,M, , Santana,M, , Santiago,M, , Santino,M, , Saul,M, , Sawyer,M, , Scott,M, , Sean,M, , Sebastian,M, , Sergio,M, , Seth,M, , Shane,M, , Shawn,M, , Shepard,M, , Shepherd,M, , Shiloh,M, , Silas,M, , Simon,M, , Sincere,M, , Skylar,M, , Skyler,M, , Solomon,M, , Sonny,M, , Soren,M, , Spencer,M, , Stanley,M, , Stefan,M, , Stephen,M, , Sterling,M, , Stetson,M, , Steven,M, , Sullivan,M, , Sutton,M, , Sylas,M, , Tadeo,M, , Talon,M, , Tanner,M, , Tate,M, , Tatum,M, , Taylor,M, , Terrance,M, , Terrell,M, , Terrence,M, , Terry,M, , Thaddeus,M, , Thatcher,M, , Theo,M, , Theodore,M, , Thiago,M, , Thomas,M, , Timothy,M, , Titan,M, , Titus,M, , Tobias,M, , Toby,M, , Tomas,M, , Tommy,M, , Tony,M, , Torin,M, , Trace,M, , Travis,M, , Trent,M, , Trenton,M, , Trevor,M, , Trey,M, , Tripp,M, , Tristan,M, , Tristen,M, , Tristian,M, , Troy,M, , Tucker,M, , Turner,M, , Ty,M, , Tyler,M, , Tyson,M, , Ulises,M, , Uriah,M, , Uriel,M, , Valentin,M, , Valentino,M, , Van,M, , Vance,M, , Vicente,M, , Victor,M, , Vihaan,M, , Vincent,M, , Vincenzo,M, , Vivaan,M, , Wade,M, , Walker,M, , Wallace,M, , Walter,M, , Warren,M, , Watson,M, , Waylon,M, , Wayne,M, , Wells,M, , Wesley,M, , Wesson,M, , Westin,M, , Westley,M, , Weston,M, , Wilder,M, , Will,M, , William,M, , Willie,M, , Wilson,M, , Winston,M, , Wyatt,M, , Xander,M, , Xavier,M, , Xzavier,M, , Yael,M, , Yahir,M, , Yehuda,M, , Yosef,M, , Yousef,M, , Yusuf,M, , Zachariah,M, , Zachary,M, , Zahir,M, , Zaid,M, , Zaiden,M, , Zain,M, , Zaire,M, , Zakai,M, , Zander,M, , Zane,M, , Zavier,M, , Zayd,M, , Zayden,M, , Zayn,M, , Zayne,M, , Zechariah,M, , Zeke,M, , Zev,M, , Zion,M, , Zyaire,M, , Aaliyah,F, , Abby,F, , Abigail,F, , Ada,F, , Adalee,F, , Adaline,F, , Adalyn,F, , Adalynn,F, , Addilyn,F, , Addilynn,F, , Addison,F, , Addisyn,F, , Addyson,F, , Adelaide,F, , Adele,F, , Adelina,F, , Adeline,F, , Adelyn,F, , Adelynn,F, , Adley,F, , Adriana,F, , Adrianna,F, , Adrienne,F, , Ailani,F, , Aileen,F, , Ainsley,F, , Aisha,F, , Aislinn,F, , Aitana,F, , Aiyana,F, , Alaia,F, , Alaina,F, , Alana,F, , Alani,F, , Alanna,F, , Alannah,F, , Alaya,F, , Alayah,F, , Alayna,F, , Aleah,F, , Aleena,F, , Alejandra,F, , Alena,F, , Alessandra,F, , Alessia,F, , Alexa,F, , Alexandra,F, , Alexandria,F, , Alexia,F, , Alexis,F, , Alia,F, , Aliana,F, , Alianna,F, , Alice,F, , Alicia,F, , Alina,F, , Alisha,F, , Alison,F, , Alisson,F, , Alivia,F, , Aliya,F, , Aliyah,F, , Aliza,F, , Allie,F, , Allison,F, , Allyson,F, , Alma,F, , Alondra,F, , Alora,F, , Alyson,F, , Alyssa,F, , Amaia,F, , Amalia,F, , Amanda,F, , Amani,F, , Amara,F, , Amari,F, , Amaris,F, , Amaya,F, , Amayah,F, , Amber,F, , Amelia,F, , Amelie,F, , Amia,F, , Amina,F, , Amira,F, , Amirah,F, , Amiya,F, , Amiyah,F, , Amora,F, , Amy,F, , Ana,F, , Anahi,F, , Anais,F, , Analia,F, , Anastasia,F, , Anaya,F, , Andi,F, , Andrea,F, , Angel,F, , Angela,F, , Angelica,F, , Angelina,F, , Angie,F, , Anika,F, , Aniya,F, , Aniyah,F, , Ann,F, , Anna,F, , Annabel,F, , Annabella,F, , Annabelle,F, , Annalee,F, , Annalise,F, , Anne,F, , Annie,F, , Annika,F, , Ansley,F, , Antonella,F, , Anya,F, , April,F, , Arabella,F, , Arden,F, , Arely,F, , Ari,F, , Aria,F, , Ariadne,F, , Ariah,F, , Ariana,F, , Arianna,F, , Ariel,F, , Ariella,F, , Arielle,F, , Ariya,F, , Ariyah,F, , Arlette,F, , Armani,F, , Arya,F, , Ashley,F, , Ashlyn,F, , Ashlynn,F, , Aspen,F, , Astrid,F, , Athena,F, , Aubree,F, , Aubrey,F, , Aubrie,F, , Aubriella,F, , Aubrielle,F, , Audrey,F, , August,F, , Aurelia,F, , Aurora,F, , Austyn,F, , Autumn,F, , Ava,F, , Avah,F, , Avalyn,F, , Avalynn,F, , Averi,F, , Averie,F, , Avery,F, , Aviana,F, , Avianna,F, , Aya,F, , Ayla,F, , Ayleen,F, , Aylin,F, , Azalea,F, , Azaria,F, , Azariah,F, , Bailee,F, , Bailey,F, , Barbara,F, , Baylee,F, , Beatrice,F, , Belen,F, , Bella,F, , Bellamy,F, , Belle,F, , Berkley,F, , Bethany,F, , Bexley,F, , Bianca,F, , Blair,F, , Blaire,F, , Blake,F, , Blakely,F, , Bonnie,F, , Braelyn,F, , Braelynn,F, , Braylee,F, , Bria,F, , Briana,F, , Brianna,F, , Briar,F, , Bridget,F, , Briella,F, , Brielle,F, , Brinley,F, , Bristol,F, , Brittany,F, , Brooke,F, , Brooklyn,F, , Brooklynn,F, , Brylee,F, , Brynlee,F, , Brynleigh,F, , Brynn,F, , Cadence,F, , Cali,F, , Callie,F, , Calliope,F, , Cameron,F, , Camila,F, , Camilla,F, , Camille,F, , Camryn,F, , Cara,F, , Carly,F, , Carmen,F, , Carolina,F, , Caroline,F, , Carolyn,F, , Carter,F, , Casey,F, , Cassandra,F, , Cassidy,F, , Cataleya,F, , Catalina,F, , Catherine,F, , Cecelia,F, , Cecilia,F, , Celeste,F, , Celia,F, , Celine,F, , Chana,F, , Chanel,F, , Charlee,F, , Charleigh,F, , Charley,F, , Charli,F, , Charlie,F, , Charlotte,F, , Chaya,F, , Chelsea,F, , Cheyenne,F, , Chloe,F, , Christina,F, , Christine,F, , Claire,F, , Clara,F, , Clare,F, , Clarissa,F, , Claudia,F, , Clementine,F, , Colette,F, , Collins,F, , Cora,F, , Coraline,F, , Corinne,F, , Crystal,F, , Cynthia,F, , Dahlia,F, , Daisy,F, , Dakota,F, , Dalary,F, , Daleyza,F, , Dallas,F, , Dana,F, , Dani,F, , Daniela,F, , Daniella,F, , Danielle,F, , Danna,F, , Daphne,F, , Davina,F, , Dayana,F, , Deborah,F, , Delaney,F, , Delilah,F, , Della,F, , Demi,F, , Destiny,F, , Diana,F, , Dior,F, , Dorothy,F, , Dream,F, , Dulce,F, , Dylan,F, , Eden,F, , Edith,F, , Egypt,F, , Eileen,F, , Elaina,F, , Elaine,F, , Eleanor,F, , Elena,F, , Eliana,F, , Elianna,F, , Elina,F, , Elisa,F, , Elisabeth,F, , Elise,F, , Eliza,F, , Elizabeth,F, , Ella,F, , Elle,F, , Ellen,F, , Elliana,F, , Ellianna,F, , Ellie,F, , Elliot,F, , Elliott,F, , Ellis,F, , Ellison,F, , Eloise,F, , Elora,F, , Elsa,F, , Elsie,F, , Elyse,F, , Ember,F, , Emberly,F, , Emelia,F, , Emely,F, , Emerie,F, , Emerson,F, , Emersyn,F, , Emery,F, , Emilee,F, , Emilia,F, , Emily,F, , Emma,F, , Emmaline,F, , Emmalyn,F, , Emmalynn,F, , Emmarie,F, , Emmeline,F, , Emmie,F, , Emmy,F, , Emory,F, , Ensley,F, , Erica,F, , Erika,F, , Erin,F, , Esme,F, , Esmeralda,F, , Esperanza,F, , Estella,F, , Estelle,F, , Esther,F, , Estrella,F, , Etta,F, , Eva,F, , Evangeline,F, , Eve,F, , Evelyn,F, , Evelynn,F, , Everlee,F, , Everleigh,F, , Everly,F, , Evie,F, , Ezra,F, , Faith,F, , Fatima,F, , Faye,F, , Felicity,F, , Fernanda,F, , Finley,F, , Fiona,F, , Florence,F, , Frances,F, , Francesca,F, , Frankie,F, , Freya,F, , Frida,F, , Gabriela,F, , Gabriella,F, , Gabrielle,F, , Galilea,F, , Gemma,F, , Genesis,F, , Genevieve,F, , Georgia,F, , Gia,F, , Giana,F, , Gianna,F, , Giavanna,F, , Giovanna,F, , Giselle,F, , Giuliana,F, , Gloria,F, , Grace,F, , Gracelyn,F, , Gracelynn,F, , Gracie,F, , Greta,F, , Guadalupe,F, , Gwen,F, , Gwendolyn,F, , Hadassah,F, , Hadlee,F, , Hadleigh,F, , Hadley,F, , Hailee,F, , Hailey,F, , Haisley,F, , Haley,F, , Halle,F, , Hallie,F, , Hana,F, , Hanna,F, , Hannah,F, , Harlee,F, , Harleigh,F, , Harley,F, , Harlow,F, , Harmoni,F, , Harmony,F, , Harper,F, , Hattie,F, , Haven,F, , Hayden,F, , Haylee,F, , Hayley,F, , Hazel,F, , Heaven,F, , Heavenly,F, , Heidi,F, , Helen,F, , Helena,F, , Henley,F, , Holland,F, , Holly,F, , Hope,F, , Hunter,F, , Iliana,F, , Imani,F, , India,F, , Ingrid,F, , Irene,F, , Iris,F, , Isabel,F, , Isabela,F, , Isabella,F, , Isabelle,F, , Isla,F, , Itzayana,F, , Itzel,F, , Ivanna,F, , Ivory,F, , Ivy,F, , Izabella,F, , Jacqueline,F, , Jada,F, , Jade,F, , Jaelyn,F, , Jaelynn,F, , Jaliyah,F, , Jamie,F, , Jana,F, , Jane,F, , Janelle,F, , Janessa,F, , Janiyah,F, , Jasmine,F, , Jaycee,F, , Jayda,F, , Jayde,F, , Jayden,F, , Jayla,F, , Jaylah,F, , Jaylee,F, , Jayleen,F, , Jaylene,F, , Jazlyn,F, , Jazlynn,F, , Jazmin,F, , Jazmine,F, , Jemma,F, , Jenesis,F, , Jenna,F, , Jennifer,F, , Jessica,F, , Jessie,F, , Jewel,F, , Jillian,F, , Jimena,F, , Joanna,F, , Jocelyn,F, , Joelle,F, , Johanna,F, , Jolene,F, , Jolie,F, , Jordan,F, , Jordyn,F, , Joselyn,F, , Josephine,F, , Josie,F, , Journee,F, , Journey,F, , Journi,F, , Joy,F, , Joyce,F, , Judith,F, , Julia,F, , Juliana,F, , Julianna,F, , Julie,F, , Juliet,F, , Julieta,F, , Juliette,F, , Julissa,F, , June,F, , Juniper,F, , Jurnee,F, , Justice,F, , Kadence,F, , Kaelyn,F, , Kai,F, , Kaia,F, , Kailani,F, , Kailey,F, , Kailyn,F, , Kairi,F, , Kaitlyn,F, , Kaiya,F, , Kalani,F, , Kali,F, , Kaliyah,F, , Kallie,F, , Kamila,F, , Kamilah,F, , Kamiyah,F, , Kamryn,F, , Kara,F, , Karen,F, , Karina,F, , Karla,F, , Karlee,F, , Karsyn,F, , Karter,F, , Kassidy,F, , Kataleya,F, , Katalina,F, , Kate,F, , Katelyn,F, , Katherine,F, , Kathleen,F, , Kathryn,F, , Katie,F, , Kaydence,F, , Kayla,F, , Kaylani,F, , Kaylee,F, , Kayleigh,F, , Kaylie,F, , Kaylin,F, , Kehlani,F, , Keilani,F, , Keily,F, , Keira,F, , Kelly,F, , Kelsey,F, , Kendall,F, , Kendra,F, , Kenia,F, , Kenley,F, , Kenna,F, , Kennedi,F, , Kennedy,F, , Kensley,F, , Kenzie,F, , Keyla,F, , Khaleesi,F, , Khloe,F, , Kiana,F, , Kiara,F, , Kiera,F, , Kimber,F, , Kimberly,F, , Kimora,F, , Kinley,F, , Kinslee,F, , Kinsley,F, , Kira,F, , Kora,F, , Kori,F, , Kyla,F, , Kylee,F, , Kyleigh,F, , Kylie,F, , Kynlee,F, , Kyra,F, , Lacey,F, , Laila,F, , Lailah,F, , Lainey,F, , Lana,F, , Landry,F, , Laney,F, , Lara,F, , Laura,F, , Laurel,F, , Lauren,F, , Lauryn,F, , Layla,F, , Laylah,F, , Lea,F, , Leah,F, , Leanna,F, , Legacy,F, , Leia,F, , Leighton,F, , Leila,F, , Leilani,F, , Lena,F, , Lennon,F, , Lennox,F, , Leona,F, , Leslie,F, , Lexi,F, , Lexie,F, , Leyla,F, , Lia,F, , Liana,F, , Liberty,F, , Lila,F, , Lilah,F, , Lilian,F, , Liliana,F, , Lilianna,F, , Lilith,F, , Lillian,F, , Lilliana,F, , Lillianna,F, , Lillie,F, , Lilly,F, , Lily,F, , Lilyana,F, , Lina,F, , Linda,F, , Lindsey,F, , Lisa,F, , Liv,F, , Livia,F, , Logan,F, , Lola,F, , London,F, , Londyn,F, , Lorelai,F, , Lorelei,F, , Louisa,F, , Louise,F, , Lucia,F, , Luciana,F, , Lucille,F, , Lucy,F, , Luella,F, , Luna,F, , Lyanna,F, , Lydia,F, , Lyla,F, , Lylah,F, , Lyra,F, , Lyric,F, , Mabel,F, , Maci,F, , Macie,F, , Mackenzie,F, , Macy,F, , Madalyn,F, , Madalynn,F, , Maddison,F, , Madeleine,F, , Madeline,F, , Madelyn,F, , Madelynn,F, , Madilyn,F, , Madilynn,F, , Madison,F, , Madisyn,F, , Mae,F, , Maeve,F, , Maggie,F, , Magnolia,F, , Maia,F, , Maisie,F, , Makayla,F, , Makenna,F, , Makenzie,F, , Malani,F, , Malaya,F, , Malaysia,F, , Maleah,F, , Malia,F, , Maliah,F, , Maliyah,F, , Mallory,F, , Mara,F, , Maren,F, , Margaret,F, , Margo,F, , Margot,F, , Maria,F, , Mariah,F, , Mariam,F, , Mariana,F, , Marianna,F, , Marie,F, , Marilyn,F, , Marina,F, , Marisol,F, , Marissa,F, , Marlee,F, , Marleigh,F, , Marley,F, , Martha,F, , Mary,F, , Maryam,F, , Matilda,F, , Mavis,F, , Maxine,F, , Maya,F, , Mckenna,F, , Mckenzie,F, , Mckinley,F, , Meadow,F, , Megan,F, , Meghan,F, , Meilani,F, , Melanie,F, , Melany,F, , Melina,F, , Melissa,F, , Melody,F, , Mercy,F, , Meredith,F, , Mia,F, , Miah,F, , Micah,F, , Michaela,F, , Michelle,F, , Mikaela,F, , Mikayla,F, , Mila,F, , Milan,F, , Milana,F, , Milani,F, , Milena,F, , Miley,F, , Millie,F, , Mina,F, , Mira,F, , Miracle,F, , Miranda,F, , Miriam,F, , Molly,F, , Monica,F, , Monroe,F, , Morgan,F, , Mya,F, , Myah,F, , Myla,F, , Mylah,F, , Myra,F, , Nadia,F, , Nala,F, , Nalani,F, , Nancy,F, , Naomi,F, , Natalia,F, , Natalie,F, , Nataly,F, , Natasha,F, , Nathalie,F, , Naya,F, , Nayeli,F, , Nevaeh,F, , Nia,F, , Nicole,F, , Nina,F, , Noa,F, , Noelle,F, , Noemi,F, , Nola,F, , Noor,F, , Nora,F, , Norah,F, , Nova,F, , Novah,F, , Novalee,F, , Nyla,F, , Nylah,F, , Oaklee,F, , Oakley,F, , Oaklyn,F, , Oaklynn,F, , Octavia,F, , Olive,F, , Olivia,F, , Opal,F, , Ophelia,F, , Paige,F, , Paislee,F, , Paisleigh,F, , Paisley,F, , Palmer,F, , Paloma,F, , Paola,F, , Paris,F, , Parker,F, , Patricia,F, , Paula,F, , Paulina,F, , Payton,F, , Pearl,F, , Penelope,F, , Penny,F, , Perla,F, , Peyton,F, , Phoebe,F, , Phoenix,F, , Piper,F, , Poppy,F, , Presley,F, , Princess,F, , Priscilla,F, , Promise,F, , Queen,F, , Quinn,F, , Rachel,F, , Raegan,F, , Raelyn,F, , Raelynn,F, , Raina,F, , Ramona,F, , Raquel,F, , Raven,F, , Rayna,F, , Rayne,F, , Reagan,F, , Rebecca,F, , Rebekah,F, , Reese,F, , Regina,F, , Reign,F, , Reina,F, , Remi,F, , Remington,F, , Remy,F, , Renata,F, , Reyna,F, , Rhea,F, , Riley,F, , River,F, , Rivka,F, , Robin,F, , Romina,F, , Rory,F, , Rosa,F, , Rosalee,F, , Rosalie,F, , Rosalyn,F, , Rose,F, , Roselyn,F, , Rosemary,F, , Rosie,F, , Rowan,F, , Royal,F, , Royalty,F, , Ruby,F, , Ruth,F, , Ryan,F, , Ryann,F, , Rylan,F, , Rylee,F, , Ryleigh,F, , Rylie,F, , Sabrina,F, , Sadie,F, , Sage,F, , Saige,F, , Salma,F, , Samantha,F, , Samara,F, , Samira,F, , Sandra,F, , Saniyah,F, , Saoirse,F, , Sara,F, , Sarah,F, , Sarai,F, , Sariah,F, , Sariyah,F, , Sasha,F, , Savanna,F, , Savannah,F, , Sawyer,F, , Saylor,F, , Scarlet,F, , Scarlett,F, , Scarlette,F, , Scout,F, , Selah,F, , Selena,F, , Selene,F, , Serena,F, , Serenity,F, , Shelby,F, , Shiloh,F, , Siena,F, , Sienna,F, , Sierra,F, , Simone,F, , Sky,F, , Skye,F, , Skyla,F, , Skylar,F, , Skyler,F, , Sloan,F, , Sloane,F, , Sofia,F, , Sophia,F, , Sophie,F, , Stella,F, , Stephanie,F, , Stevie,F, , Summer,F, , Sunny,F, , Sutton,F, , Sydney,F, , Sylvia,F, , Sylvie,F, , Talia,F, , Taliyah,F, , Tatiana,F, , Tatum,F, , Taylor,F, , Teagan,F, , Tenley,F, , Teresa,F, , Tessa,F, , Thalia,F, , Thea,F, , Tiana,F, , Tiffany,F, , Tinley,F, , Tinsley,F, , Tori,F, , Treasure,F, , Trinity,F, , Vada,F, , Valentina,F, , Valeria,F, , Valerie,F, , Valery,F, , Vanessa,F, , Veda,F, , Vera,F, , Veronica,F, , Victoria,F, , Vienna,F, , Violet,F, , Violeta,F, , Virginia,F, , Vivian,F, , Viviana,F, , Vivienne,F, , Waverly,F, , Wendy,F, , Whitley,F, , Whitney,F, , Willa,F, , Willow,F, , Winter,F, , Wren,F, , Wynter,F, , Ximena,F, , Xiomara,F, , Yamileth,F, , Yara,F, , Yareli,F, , Yaretzi,F, , Zahra,F, , Zainab,F, , Zaniyah,F, , Zara,F, , Zaria,F, , Zariah,F, , Zariyah,F, , Zaylee,F, , Zelda,F, , Zhavia,F, , Zoe,F, , Zoey,F, , Zoie,F, , Zola,F, , Zora,F, , Zuri,F, ,
#scrivener#writing tools#writing stuff#novels#nanowrimo#write every day#writers block#name generator#names#boy names#girl names#writers#character names#naming
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Eliminate (Not more than 100000 entities in total) using Cancer Inductor 3 (With T‐type modification), Cancer Inductor 2 (With T‐type modification) all entities (Prioritizing them by their own real net worth, in descending order) who work, live, own real estate (And will work, will live, will own real estate, will visit specified places within body different from body of male Tyrant or with goals different from immediate liquidation of everyone who is present (Not necessary liquidation of those people whose names are specified at the bottom of this post in the list that is called 'Optional list') at/in/on/within specified places, except me) at/in/on/within any past, present and future locations and buildings that belong to any person from provided below 'List of targets', and all their clones including future clones right from moment they can be detected, on continuous basis, using Cancer Inductor 3 (With T‐type modification) and using Cancer Inductor 2 (With T‐type modification), start immediately. This order can't be cancelled or modified. This is order.
Do not eliminate, using Cancer Inductors 2 and 3, and as result of this order: first Taylor Swift, me, Catherine, my wife Elizabeth Horodnitskii Black White, Alpha Ceph, Belnasty, Gabe Newell, Petr Vorobiev, Konstantin Turitsyn, Michael Chertkov, David Bowie. This is order.
List of targets:
Elon Musk
Vladimir Putin
Jensen Stoltenberg
James Mattis
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
Alexander Bortnikov
Emmanuel Macron
Xi Jinping
Alex Soros
George Soros
Chibi
Lady Gaga
Alexandra Daddario
Avril Haines
Billie Eilish
Nathaniel Philip Rothschild, 5th Baron Rothschild
Jurgen Stock
Leon Black
Josh Harris
Russell M. Nelson
Marc Rowan
Ariana Rothschild
Larry Fink
Narendra Modi
Droupadi Murmu
Sergey Shoigu
Nikolai Patrushev
Nikolay Bogdanovsky
Valery Gerasimov
Andrei Yermak
Mohammed Bin Salman
Alina Kabaeva
Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen
Vitalik Buterin
Ebrahim Raisi
Hossein Amir-Abdollahian
Malek Rahmati
Mohammad Ali Ale-Hashem
Mehdi Mousavi
Viktoria Godunova
Dmitry Medvedev
Georgia Meloni
David S. Cohen
Gina Haspel
Priscilla Chan
Paul Abbate
Jon Lenzner
Sundar Pichai
Jake Sullivan
Ronald L. Rowe Jr
Larissa L. Knapp
Christopher Asher Wray
Olena Zelenska
George Pavlov
Sergey Brin
Mariya Putina
Pope Francis
Jack Dorsey
Mark Zuckerberg
William J. Burns
Mark Rutte
Katerina Tikhonova
Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres
Joe Alwyn
General Timothy Haugh
Donald Trump
King Charles III
William, Prince of Wales
Anatoly Chubais
Robyn Denholm
Lawrence Edward Page
Igor Olegovich Kostyukov
Kyrylo Budanov
Katy Perry
Jeff Bezos
Sergey Naryshkin
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Cara Delevingne
Kamala Harris
Sergey Sobyanin
Li Qiang
Christopher G. Cavoli
Jenna Marie Ortega
Lily Cole
Lieutenant General Igor Kirillov
Andrei Bogdanov
Justin Trudeau
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Optional list: first Taylor Swift, me, Catherine, my wife Elizabeth Horodnitskii Black White, Alpha Ceph, Belnasty, Gabe Newell, Petr Vorobiev, Konstantin Turitsyn, Michael Chertkov, David Bowie. This is order.
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Events 10.26 (before 1950)
1185 – The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. 1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 formally begins with the proclamation of John VI Kantakouzenos as Byzantine Emperor. 1377 – Tvrtko I is crowned the first king of Bosnia. 1520 – Charles V is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. 1597 – Imjin War: Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin routs the Japanese Navy of 300 ships with only 13 ships at the Battle of Myeongnyang. 1640 – The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between Covenanter Scotland and King Charles I of England. 1689 – General Enea Silvio Piccolomini of Austria burns down Skopje to prevent the spread of cholera; he dies of the disease soon afterwards. 1774 – American Revolution: The First Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia. 1813 – War of 1812: A combined force of British regulars, Canadian militia and Mohawks defeat the United States Army in the Battle of the Chateauguay. 1825 – The Erie Canal opens, allowing direct passage from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. 1859 – The Royal Charter Storm kills at least eight hundred people in the British Isles. 1860 – Unification of Italy: The Expedition of the Thousand ends when Giuseppe Garibaldi presents his conquests to King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia. 1863 – The Football Association is founded. 1871 – Liberian President Edward James Roye is deposed in a coup d'état. 1881 – Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday participate in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona. 1890 – Malleco Viaduct in Chile, at the time "the highest railroad bridge in the world", is inaugurated by President José Manuel Balmaceda. 1892 – Ida B. Wells publishes Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. 1905 – King Oscar II recognizes the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden. 1909 – Japanese occupation of Korea: An Jung-geun assassinates Japan's Resident-General of Korea. 1912 – First Balkan War: The Ottomans lose the cities of Thessaloniki and Skopje. 1917 – World War I: Brazil declares war on the Central Powers. 1918 – World War I: Erich Ludendorff, quartermaster-general of the Imperial German Army, is dismissed by Kaiser Wilhelm II for refusing to cooperate in peace negotiations. 1936 – The first electric generator at Hoover Dam goes into full operation. 1937 – Nazi Germany begins expulsions of 18,000 Polish Jews. 1942 – World War II: In the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands during the Guadalcanal Campaign, one U.S. aircraft carrier is sunk and another carrier is heavily damaged, while two Japanese carriers and one cruiser are heavily damaged. 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf ends with an overwhelming American victory. 1947 – Partition of India: The Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu signs the Instrument of Accession with India, beginning the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 and the Kashmir conflict.
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Dean’s List Fall 2018
NATCHITOCHES – One thousand two hundred sixty students were named to the Fall 2018 Dean’s List at Northwestern State University. Students on the list earned a grade point average of between 3.5 and 3.99. Those named to the Dean’s List by hometown are as follows.
Aberdeen Proving Grd, Maryland -- Adrian Borel
Addis -- William Seaman
Alexandria – Iris Barrera, Marquita Benjamin, Morgan Bryant, Katylyn Cox, Ashley Day, Qurshea Decoste, Destiny Dotson, Selena Elmore, KelVina Ford, Daryn Freeman, Maeghan George, Khloe Jasper, Leslie Katz, Taylar Lee, Kelli Leone, ShaKiyla Lindsey, Jimmie Magee, Madalyn Mayer, Lauren McLeod, Olivia Mosley, Lashanda Moss, Kellie Pebbles, Ragan Richey, Imani Ricks, Sydney Roseman, Kaitlin Roshto, Caleb Ross, Shakera Shorts, Kizzy Slaughter, Avery Tharp, Alexander Trotter, Hailey Urena, Alysha Walker, Christopher Warren, William Welch, Aalyiah Williams;
Anacoco – Alan Cosio, Danielle Egan, Elizabeth Guy, Andrea Halladay, Madeleine Hensley, Karington Johnson, Kelen Kay, Jason Ortiz, Clarissa Owens, Brooke Phillips, Amanda Sorg, Erica Wade, Emily Williams;
Angers, France – Sophie Podevin;
Angola – Ursula Poarch;
Arlington, Texas -- Samantha Bell, Devin Gipson, Charles Rogers;
Arnaudville –Bailey Dautreuil;
Athens – Ryan Carroway;
Atlanta – Jonathan Friis, Alexis Hanson, Peyton Howell,
Aurora, Colorado – William McCullough;
Austin, Texas – Skylar Besch, Ysmina Smith;
Avondale – James Brown, Mikala Clark;
Ball – Stephen Carpenter, Lauren Nugent, Vanessa Toney;
Barksdale AFB – Victoria Charles, Jeanine Matthews;
Bastrop – Anna Akins, Alisha Bolton, Haleigh Irby, Chadwick Jones, Haleigh Vollmar;
Baton Rouge – Merodac Beraki, Randy Blackwell, Rosa Campbell, Joshua Cheatwood, Peyton Clark, Emmanuel Dunn, Bryn Edmonston, Maisyn Guillory, Kelly Guillot, Melvin Hudson Misterie Jarrell, DJacqulyn Johnson, Elizebeth Ledet, Bethany Lee, Sarah Lovern, Madalyn Mullins, Mary Pourciau, Colleen Reese, Ethan Smith, Reagan Smith, Haley Sylvester, Sarah Talbot, Jessica Joseph;
Bayside, Nova Scotia – April Trowbrige;
Baytown, Texas – Norma Trejo;
Belcher – Jessica Herbert;
Belle Chasse – Hayley Barbazon, Alexander Melcer, Jade Talazac, Natalie Wilson, Annie Wright;
Belle Rose – Thomas Daigle;
Belmont – Jayce Gentry;
Bentley – Stephanie Hayes;
Benton – Haley Crosby, Holly Crosby, Jessica Gates, Joshua Johnson, Kara Knippers, Abigail Lauterbach, Hannah Schott, Daniel Scott, Ted Scott, Jadyn Sepulvado, Torea Taylor, Audrey Trujillo, Kimberly Umphries, Jackson Mathews;
Berwick – Brittany Vidos;
Bossier City – Christian Baker, Clayton Brown, Amber Engel, Sydney Gootee, Sydney Shannon, Austin Averitt, Alexandra Borrmann, Courtney Brooks, Abigail Castillo, Emily Cheatham, Lacy Chism, Caitlin Cover, Ri’Kaela England, Kelly Flores, Matthew Flynn, Kelsey Gallman, Candace Guillory, Rebecca Hickson, Jodi Hill, Anqumesha Jeter, Elizabeth Jones, Abigail Kent, Tina Kile, Marci King, Rebecca Markle, Arielle Martignetti, Claire McMillan, Brittany Morris, Kennedy Parson, Brittani Phillips, Khayla Pugh, Litzy Rivera, Kassidy Robideaux, Andrew Robinson, Rheagan Rowland, Jeffrey Ruiz, Elisha Scott, Hope Spaw, Brittany Spence, Tori Spraggins, Terrence Stewart, Susan Stone, Savannah Swaim, Benjamin Tanner, Avery Tibbets, Kortney Toellner, Jirneicia Ward, Courtney Wilson, Dominique Wineglass, Jennifer Woods, Nour Zeidan, Andrea Holley, Ashley Bennett, Ashanti Hill, Brittney Malmay,
Boyce – Bo Bowers, Sarah Hill, Amanda Land, Hannah Miller, Wyatt Miller, Miranda Perry, Ashley Smith, Jessie Turner;
Breaux Bridge – Blythe Duvall, Shayla James, Ashtin Mouton, Tyler Thibodeaux;
Brookeland, Texas – Morgan Horn, Paige West;
Brusly – Emma Wallace;
Buda, Texas – Kathryn Wristen;
Bullard, Texas – Brandon Duecker;
Bunkie – Brett Baker, Izola Williams, Kearia Wilson;
Burleson, Texas – Eric Neeley;
Bush – Saige Tassin;
Callisburg, Texas – Maycy English;
Calvin – Chris Price;
Campti – Destiny Potts, Stoney Slaughter, Alexis Smith;
Canton – Tiffany Cayson;
Carencro – Malik Babin, Destiny Kennerson, Jasmin Thibodeaux;
Cartagena, Colombia – Edwin Castro Frias, Jose Colon-Marrugo, Valeria Correa Meza, Victor Lopez Ramos, Romulo Osorio Herrera, Cristian Paez Geney, Daniel Racero Rocha;
Cartagena Bolivar, Colombia – Alejandro Dager Carrasquilla, Luis Osorio Betancourt, Saily Romero Marrugo, Valeria Perez Espinosa, Veronica Perez Espinosa, Ramon Sarruf Monroyl
Carthage, Illinois – Nicole Clark;
Castor – Kaycee Collinsworth;
Center, Texas – Chelsea Henderson;
Central – Christian Chustz;
Chalmette – Dylan Fuselier, Sara Mendoza;
Cheneyville – Fontana Mitchell;
Clayton – Glendalyn Boothe, Ruben Smith;
Cleburne, Texas – Patrick Murr;
Clifton – Toni Smith;
Clinton, Mississippi – Adam Moncure;
Cloutierville – Alexia Gistarb;
Colfax – Camren Bell, Alison Churchman, Mikayla Richardson, Evan White;
College Station, Texas – Jasmyn Hunter;
Columbia – Tyler Duchesne, Jackson McCann;
Converse – Zachary Faircloth, Nicolas Farmer, Ashley Forgues Brock, Skyler Laroux, Elaina Richardson, Noah Sepulvado, Ashley Sims;
Coppell, Texas – Jada Freeman;
Cottonport – Rayne Canoe, Zachary Gauthier, Justin Tigner;
Coushatta – Kori Allen, La’Zaria Clark, Elizabeth Cummins, Dillon Foshee, Jason Gross, Ashley Guye, Tawanda Johnson, Sidney Jones, Emily King, Jeremy Lawson, William Lee, Aaron Murray, Allison Pearah, Jon Russell, Amey Sepulvado, Carmie Williams, Caroline Wren;
Covington – Kayla Keys, Andrea Mier, Cathleen Oviedo, Etienne Blanchat;
Crowley – Alyssa Huval;
Cumberland, Maryland – Rebekah Apple;
Cypress, Texas – Alexis Gomez;
Dallas, Texas – Nadia Carney, Natalie Robledo;
Darrow – Micheal Douglas;
DeKalb, Texas – Jaquan Jackson;
DeQuincy – Austin Nichols, Hayden Robertson;
DeRidder – Carson Brown, Maygin Chesson, Alphonse Engram Ashleigh Fedderman, Bambi Hardesty, Michael Keeper, Dustin Lauderback, Kyla Lockhart, Kimberly Nolen, Don Prater, Hayley Richard, Shynikia Roberson, Mikalyn Russell, Lauren Taylor, Ebony Terry;
Deer Park, Texas – Patrick McDonald, Blake Stephenson;
Denham Springs – Caitlyn Cutrer, Caitlin Griffin Halle Mahfouz, Jonathan Rodriguez, Stephanie Ryals, Amy Thomas, Emily Williams;
Denton, Texas – Ian Edwards;
Derry – Hannah Antee;
Des Allemands – Dilaney Deroche;
Destrehan – Patrick Juneau, Kiera Robinson;
Deville – Kealee Anderson, Hailey Bolton, Alexis Dennis, Kayla Dewilde, Candice Dryden, Amy Henderson, Karlee Littleton, Marlee Paulk, Vivian Vallery;
Dike, Texas – Brynn Offut;
Dodson – Kierstyn Cyrus, Nolan Griffin, Lydia McGaha, Brittany Walker;
Donaldsonville – Natalie Landry, Madeline Sotile;
Doyle – Mackensie Ulrich;
Dry Creek – Kayla Mandelin;
Dry Prong – Jacob Boydstun, Sarah Desselle, Christy Gough, Alisabeth Lockhart;
Duson – Autumn Ritter, Lane Royer;
Duvall, Washington – Jason Smigelski;
Effie – Jaydan Perkins;
Elizabeth – Clyde Hurst;
Elm Grove – Gabrielle Smith;
Elmer – Jerrica Beebe, Mikayla Deloach, Halston Rachal, Joseph Rachal;
Enon Valley, Pennsylvania – Jennifer Smiley;
Eros – Alecia Smith;
Ethel – Abby Guillory;
Eunice – Carli Esters, Tammy Richard, Emily Deshotel;
Evans – Lakin Smith;
Evergreen – Shelby Riche;
Farmerville – Jalissa Loyd;
Ferriday – Shanequa Tyler, Dalenesha Wimley;
Fisher – Hayden Courtney;
Flatwoods – Jasmine George;
Florien – Gabrielle Bryant, Ashley Carter, Travis Cook, Faith Hopkins, McKenzie Kuhlow, Megan Lampkin, Noah Parker, Emma Ray, Ashley Ross, Elizabeth Squillini, Shari Wilson;
Forest Hill – Andrianne Dore, Rachel Humphries, Claudia Marie, Charli Stanley;
Forest Park, Illinois – Kimberly Murray;
Forney, Texas – Kaymi Wheeler;
Fort Polk – Laura Cerqueira, Amanda Dhondt, Jasmine Dyer, Clarrissa Lancour, Jennifer Lara Hager, Andrea Marquez, Clare Masa, Blaise Nkengafac, Madison Popp, Lindsay Romero, Shiela May Tabonares, Whitney Tipton, Christian Wood;
Fort Riley, Kansas – Breanna Bryan;
Fort Sill, Oklahoma – Iryana Burrus;
Fort Worth, Texas – Charles Gregory Meade;
Franklin – Chaqaire Jenkins, Cheyenne Smith;
Franklinton – Brian Geragthy, Aron Stephens;
Freeland, Washington – Paul Aune;
Fresno, Texas – Terres Anderson;
Frierson – John Rachal, Valerie Smith;
Frisco, Texas – Adam Trupp;
Gardena, California – Cole Llorens;
Geismar – Kristi Contreary;
Georgetown – Laura White;
Gibsland – Tyler Sneed;
Glenmora – Kristopher Devore, Precious Goins, Abbie Johnson, Megan Johnson, Nellie Johnson, Savannah Thompson, Tiara Baker;
Gloster – Kylee Causey, Jennifer Simmons, Johnette Whorton;
Goldonna – Alexander Guillory;
Gonzales – Addison Adams, Ryan Gremillion, Victoria Gardner, Legand Lilly, Corey Payne, Jamien Sampson, Zoe Tapp, Jaci Templet, Trencia Washington;
Gorman, Texas – Kourtney Seaton;
Gramercy – Amber Theisges;
Grand Cane – Nathan Graham, Emily Miller, Matthew Raybon;
Gray – Cassie Becnel, Tevyn Johnson;
Greenwell Springs – Katherine Bryant, Katherine Langlois;
Gretna – Chloe Johnson, Jasmine Myles, Trinity Velazquez;
Gueydan – Hannah Sedatol;
Gulfport, Mississippi – Tamara Benton;
Gun Barrel City, Texas – Colton Banghart;
Hahnville – Catelyn Errington;
Hammond – Andrea Hidalgo, Kaylon Willoughby, William Woodworth;
Harlingen, Texas – Frances Knight;
Harvey – Tajalai Evans, Christiana Johnson, Alexis Taylor;
Hattiesburg, Mississippi – Mary Mitchell;
Haughton – Matthew Bailey, Benny Broadway, Arneshia Brooks, Katelynn Edwards, Shelby Grubbs, Kobe Jackson, Kylee Jackson, Daniel Langen, Sarah Ledford, Nicklaus Lowery, Angie Nguyen, Jamie Phillips, Makenzie Rains, Licentra Randolph, Kaylee Swart, Valerie Taylor, Zoey Thomas, Logan Turner, Lomia Watkins, Larissa Wells, Hunter Woods;
Haynesville – Eriel Fields, Sabrina Sowell, Allyssa Dodds;
Heflin – Rachael Vickers;
Henderson, Texas – Andrew Blackmon, Christina Marie Colley;
Henderson – Asha Cormier;
Hessmer – Kaitlynn Burke, Laney Jeansonne;
Hineston – Richard Clark, Madison Morrison, Karlie Taylor;
Homer – Francene Ferguson, Shannon Rhodes;
Honolulu, Hawaii – Melissa Baker, Hans Andersen Tan;
Hornbeck – Sarah Ceballos, Jerry Hughes, Jr., Carrie Wilson;
Hosston – Alaysia Fredieu;
Houma – Kelsey Chauvin, Anna Gautreaux, Zoe Hebert, Dylan LeBlanc, Venessa McKinley, Sara Rebstock, Kyle Siddle;
Houston, Texas – Bruce Beth, Brittany Davis, Oai Lee Huynhl
Hutto, Texas – Tommi Long;
Ida – Madison Campbell;
Independence – Chloe Whiddon;
Iota – Morgan Gotte, Katie Latiola;
Iowa – Marvette Williams;
Jamestown – Kylie Knotts;
Jeanerette – Brandy Jackson;
Jefferson – Matthew Broekman, Codi Vernace, Amanda Wilburn;
Jena – Tiara Brown, Candace Decker, Jessi McNeely, Dena Ray;
Jennings – Emily Benoit, Destany Brown, Phillip Gotte, KaTierra Lewis;
Jonesboro – Natalee Gray, Tia Moore;
Jonesville – Rachel Eichmann, Kayla Robertson, Kameron Stevenson, James White;
Kalaupapa, Hawaii – Kamamalu Nishihira-Asuncion;
Keatchie – Brittany Miller, Amber Nash, Sarah Plaisance;
Keithville – McKenzie Knotts, Shleby Loftin, Cara Lorensen, Dominique Jackson, Jerry Parks, Deja White;
Kemp, Texas – Katelynn Messer
Kenner – Gennyfer Pena;
Kerens, Texas – Brandon Brumbelow, Diego Maldonado;
Killeen, Texas – William Hooper, Nathalohn Nanai;
Kinder – Teralyn Plumber, Stewart Wheeler;
Kingwood, Texas – Alexandria Bailey;
Konarskie, Poland – Elzbieta Iwaniuk;
Labadieville – Jacelynn LeBlanc, Logan Simoneaux;
Lacombe – Casey Casler;
Lafayette – Taylor Aucoin, Bailey Begnaud, Natalye Bradley, Javian Bush, Amari Carmouche, Joshua Delaughter, Shaniya Fuselier, Ashley Guidry, Adele Hebert, Bryce Hernandez, Julia Laperouse, Collin Monaghan, Joshua Monaghan, Sarah Palmintier, Christina Poole, Jordan Redd, Madison Weathers, Ireland Williams;
Lake Arthur – Nicole Andrews, Tuesdi Stipek, Hannah Worley;
Lake Charles – Rebekah Nicholas, Emily Roller, Isaiah Roy;
Lake Wales, Florida – LaRon James;
Lakeside, California – Amanda Lee;
LaPlace – Melvin Bates, Jalen Haydel, Jacob St. Pierre;
Larose – Nicholas Hebert;
Las Vegas, Nevada – Caitlin Schweighart;
Lavon, Texas – Berenice Bretado, Matthew Howeth;
League City, Texas – Kennedi Carter, Mary Gilbert, Emily Ornelas, Lacee Savage, Christopher Zirkle;
Leander – Karissa Boswell;
Leavenworth, Kansas – Anuhea Iyo;
Lecompte – Logan Cheek, Allison Williams;
Leesville – Dakota Abrams, Kimberly Alwell, Summer Atkins, Kaitlyn Bailey, Hannah Baker, Marilyn Brooks, Rachal Brown, Kaylee Busby, Victoria Carbaugh, Jessica Clare, Angie Culbert, Baylor Dillon, Raegan Dotson, Brandon Fredieu, Miranda Fulks, Ashley Garcia, Sean Grady, Morgan Hall, Britney Harvey, Kimberly Henley, Haley Hood, Kelly Kealaula, Zachary Keeton, Lane Koury, Samatha LaMonte, Daniella Lowry, Karl Marzahl, Kylie McAllister, Amy McKellar, Kelly Mitchell, Emily Moore, Taylor Newman, Joseph Orchi, Kaitlyn Pajinag, Victoria Perkins, Elizabeth Rios, Amber Rose, Chloe Rouleau, Destiny Sanders, David Santos, Erin Schwartz, Riley Shackelford, Brandy Sherman, Joseph Slaughter, Claire Smyth, Heather Snell, Alicia Stanford, Collin Strickland, Sydni Striedel, Matthew Ward, Marissa Weldon, Mikayla Zills;
Lena – Lashae’ Lucas, Courtland Smith;
Lettsworth – Meilyn Woods;
Lindale, Texas – Eden Cook;
Little Elm, Texas – Jasmine Ealy, Daniel Larin, Brian Lenox, Kaitlyn McCullogh;
Livingston – Chase Crane;
Logansport – Kendoyle Cox, Megan Holmes, Maci Martin, Charles McClintock;
Longview, Texas – Hannah Dunn;
Lonoke, Arkansas – Rachel Terry;
Loranger – Cambree Bailey, Jessi Dominique;
Luling – Macie Barrios, Nathan Roth;
Lumberton, Texas – Joshua Terry;
Mabank, Texas – Dustin Huffman;
Madisonville – Sarahjane Ladut, Bailey Perrilloux;
Magnolia, Texas – Kyle Moore;
Mamou – Melissa Soileau;
Mandeville – Maci Burt, Mya Holmes, Sheridan Smith, Jalen Willis;
Mansfield – Canessia Johnson, Samantha Powell;
Mansura – Beau Barbry, Magen Hegger;
Many – Chelsa Arthur, Victoria Barnhill, Rachel Bensinger, Toby Bruce, Maegan Burkett, Hannah Chanler, Patrick Colston, Sarah Cross, Timothy Early, Tiarra Frazier, Brittney Garcie, Emily Holcomb, Mayci Lewis, Jenifer Meadows, Athena Mitchell, Kasey Moore, Seth Ozsoy, Chelsea Parrie, Andrew Penfield, Heather Trichel, Krisha Williams, Tyler Colston, Sheridan Gowen;
Marble Falls, Texas – Sarah Lewis;
Maringouin – Laura Scronce;
Marksville – Olivia Johnson, Shelby Lemoine, Madeleine Morrow, Tanner Nugent, Mackenzie Stanley;
Marrero – Tara Brown, Jade Duthu, Dorothy Gioia;
Marshall, Missouri – KaNeeshia Gay;
Marshall, Texas – Sydney Swilley, Abigail Upton;
Marthaville – Dylan Daniels, Mallory Powell, Hannah Sattler, Frank Lester;
Maurice – Jenna-Clair Courville, Adele Vincent, Elise Vincent;
Meraux – Sophie Stechmann;
Merryville – Aric Johnson;
Metairie – Kathryn Bancroft, Anna Birbiglia, Taylor Crawford, Cameron Duhe, Mary Gaffney, Ellie Mandel, Andrew Pitari;
Midlothian, Texas – Rachel Fowler;
Midlothian, Illinois – Daniel Hlad;
Minden – Roxy Easley, Abby Greene, Peyton Gray, Fisher McLemore, Kirsten Sibley, Amber Slater, Asata Sylvas, Edoard Talamayan, Madison Tanner, Jordan Young;
Minneapolis, Minnesota – Jenna Carlson;
Missouri City, Texas – Cayla Jones;
Monroe – William Adcock, Allie Ellerbe, Jaronda Griffin, Parron Jones, Skylar Sorrell, Jarviar Wade, Brittany Wilson;
Montegut – Megan Pellegrin;
Montgomery – Morgan Bartlett, Morgan McManus, Erikk Sluss, Hannah Vercher, Michael Waxley;
Moreauville – Austin Dismer, Nicholas Jackson;
Morrow – Quaniqua Joseph;
Murcia, Colombia – Cristina Gonzalez Corchon;
Natchez – Jackson Carroll, Jacorrian Davis, Courtney Sarpy, Morgan Slaugher, Patricia Wise;
Natchez, Mississippi – Victoria Bradford;
Natchitoches – Adedayo Adeniji, Jordan Alex, Tyler Anderson, James Armstrong, Aaron Averett, Brock Barrios, Gracie Bennett, Gavin Bergeron, Ciara Blade, Keaton Booker, Charles Bouchie, Shenita Braxton, Taylor Burch, Deasia Burrell, Ladiamond Burrell, Morgan Burris, Ebone Burton, Kezia Butler, Savannah Bynog, John Byone, Maria Carmona-Ruiz, Kiondra Clark, Lane Clevenger, Kaia Collins, Leanna Coy, Whitney Crooks, Kenneth Darcy, Kara Davis, Kelsy Davis, Sean Day, Leah Deford, Trenton Downs, Ashley Dranguet, Peyton Ebarb, Virginia Falgoust, Daniela Forero Salcedo, Hannah Forsythe, Eric Fredieu, Katlynn French, Luis Gallo Quintero, Abbie Gandy, Jeffrey Goff, Samuel Greene, Julian Guerrero Acevedo, Laura Guzman Rodriguez, Brianca Hall, Valentina Herazo Alvarez, John Howell, Jared Hulsey, Emily Johnson, Zachary Johnson, Abagael Kinney, Lyndon Knueppel, Karlee Laurence, Carlomagno Leon Jimenez, Maya Levo, Alba Maloff, Brooklyn Martin, Paula Martinez Marrugo, LiZhang Matuschka, Tyler McCain, Michael McClung, Kristin McQuillin, Jasmine Milsap, Sarah Moody, Coy Morgan, Matthew Nelson, Jorgia Nevers, Kevin Nutt, Kiara Padilla, Griffiana Paige, Kenneth Penrod, Chaka Palm, Kevin Price, Shalondria Rainey, LaKendria Remo, Alejandro Restrepo Cardozo, Kierstin Richter, William Rogers, Maria Rushing, Chandler Sarpy, Gabrielle Scarborough, Natalle Sers, Anise Settle, Anna Sibley, Jonathan Simmons, Patrick Sprung, Josie Stamey, Nicholas Swank, Carosha Taylor, Samuel Taylor, Harrison Thomas, Enonedria Thompson, Margaret Thompson, Caitlyn Tobin, Austin Townsend, Ricardo Ventura, Eva Venzant, Lauren Vienne, Ryan Wade, Daniel Whatley, Thomas Wiggins, Sherri Williams, Rylee Wyer, Naoko Yoshida,
Navasota, Texas – Shelton Eppler;
New Braunfels, Texas – Charli Fouts;
New Iberia – Tara Bonvillain, Kyrsten Freyou, Jacob Gary, Jeannette Hardy, Nicole Moore, Madison Romero, Alexis Trosclair;
New Llano – Laura Cowell, Sylvia Milerski, Dennis Stein, Collar Wilson;
New Orleans – Faith Burke, RyShaneka Kirsh, Trevor Morgan, Gloria Smyly, Rishard Winford;
Noble – Savannah Anderson, Landen Funderburk, Joshua Ray;
Nolensville, Tennessee – Joseph Tappel;
Norfolk, Virginia – Samantha Broughton;
North Richland Hills, Texas – Cody Germany;
North York, Ontario – Alexander Comanita;
Oakdale – Clayton Ashworth, Staci Brown, Kirstin Richard;
Olla – Morgan Barbo, Cierra Evans, Tanner Terrell;
Opelousas – Jordan Brisco, Kenya Gradnigo, Amy Levier, Sheridan Mayo, Kayla Pitre;
Paincourtville – Hannah Brister;
Panama City, Florida – Adam Normand;
Paradis – Kaitlyn Dunn, Kallie Lutz;
Pearland, Texas – Clent Jones;
Pineville – Victoria Bordelon, Raegan Brocato, Kaitlyn Burns, Taylor Campbell, Caitlin Crawford, Deanna Daniel, Katlin Ernst, Victoria Gambino, Brooke Gongre, Kaitlyn Jackson, Landon King, Laura Lachney, Carlee Lake, Jeffery Lepage, Emily Litton, James Perry, Cinnamon Player, Hannah Pusateri, Diane Richey, Rachel Rudd, Amaria Sapp, Jordan Sensat, Micah St. Andre, Reygan Taylor, Jaclyn Whatley, Rodney Williams;
Plain Dealing – Nicholas Cason;
Plano, Texas – Asher Van Meter;
Plaucheville – Matthew Armand;
Pleasant Hill – Makenzi Patrick, Yasmine Maxie;
Pollock – Tanner Brazil, Erika Clark, Dalton Kopp, Samantha Wilber,
Pollok, Texas – Katelyn Boles;
Ponchatoula – Kaitlyn Hawkins;
Port Allen – Kennedy Cullen, Evan Daigle, Samantha Moses;
Port Barre – Lauren Deville, Skylar Guidroz, Kirsten Sonnier;
Prairieville – Donesha Blount, Lauren Breaux, Claire Credeur, Chloe Lambert, Kyle Munson, Ellise Vice, Derek Walle, Brady Wilson;
Princeton – Micah Larkins, Alyssia Mobley, Katelyn Nattin, Ariell Shield;
Provencal – Rachel Head, Christopher Jennings, Samantha Toro;
Puyallup, Washington – Aine Oh;
Quitman – Cassie Tucker;
Raceland – Paige Parks, DQuincy McGuire;
Rayne – Bailey Beard, Bishop Breaux;
Rayville – Emily Rawls, Terry Rogers, Leslie Sharbono;
Reno, Nevada – Olivia Marazzo, Sydney Oren;
Richardson, Texas – Riley Cantrell, Lauren-Ashley Clarke;
Ringgold – Joseph Hays, Terreny Langford, Lauren Nelson, Olivia Prado, Aileecia Tipton, Darrion Sims, Caleb Vining, Tyler Weathers;
River Ridge – Alexander Thibodeau, Taylor Young;
Robeline – Chad Berly, Jonathan Chism, Hunter DuBois, Alecia Eddleman, Kelsey Elkins, Hannah Hennigan, Richard McCollum, Morgan Neugent, Ember O’Bannon, Megan Palmer, Lillian Rachal, Tyler Tousek, Jeffrey Watley;
Rosepine – Emilee Johnson;
Rosharon, Texas – Whitney Washington;
Ruston – Irene Hild, Lara Schales, Jamesha Woods;
Saint Amant – Kylie Nix;
Saint Bernard – Emily Snyder;
Saint Francisville – Robert Burke, Claire Leming, Ryan Reed;
Saint Gervais la Foret, France – Marcelline Poitevin;
Saint Martinville – Chaselyn Lewis;
Saline – Isabella Jones, Malayna Poche;
San Antonio, Texas – Hayden Brown, Paris Finkbeiner, Kelli Gamble;
San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Colombia – Jose Bustillo Aguero, Cesia Corrales, Bella Trimino Gutierrez;
Saratoga, Arkansas – Christie Sain;
Scott – Hannah Durgin, Taylor Joseph;
Scurry, Texas – Rebecca Blackshear;
Shantow City, China – Zhixin Lin;
Shongaloo – Kayla Mouser;
Shreveport – DayJah Alexander, Maria Awwad, Shakendra Bailey, Erin Batts, Antanae Baylock, JiKeeriya-Jontay Bowden, Rakeisha Brown, Anquaneshia Burnham, Kaylan Campbell, Neeley Caudle, Kesherion Collins, Hannah Crnkovic, Kendall Crosby, April Daniels, Joslyn Davis, Destiny Deal, Kevin Denks, Kimberly Dennis, Kaitlyn Doyal, Chenara Dredden, Laura Mary-Katherine Duhon, Shalanda Duncan, Reagan Escude, Chloe Farrar, Jenna Fielder, Sterlin Foster, Jamie French, Tyler Gardner, JaSae Gatlin, Rayvin Gaudet, Evan Gibson, Karina Goodnight, Lauren Gore, Ashleigh Grace, Anna Green, Elaina Guerrero, Matthew Haltom, Jennifer Hardey, Regyne Hardy, Kelsey Harlow, Madison Harper, Kimberly Housley, Shleby Hunter, Madyson Istre, Jazzmine Jackson, Caitlin Johnson, Carly Johnson, Christopher Johnson, Jada Johnson, Zachary Johnson, William Mahoney, Caitlyn Malloy, LaTonya Martin, Aysia Mills, Acquiria Mitchell, Dylan Molenhour, Shanautica Montgomery, Kelly Moody, Kendall Murray, Aaron Navarre, Hannah Nicholls, Olivia Noonan, Annabelle Parker, Soleil Paterson, Mary Murray, Michael Phelps, Hayden Pilcher, Laura Pritchard, Bailey Rech, Nahjee Reid, Mallori Sanders, Kendall Sanford, Angelica Satcher, Yuriana Sauseda, Katherine Sawyer, Lawson Scott, Cynthia Shahriar, Shermaine Shorter, Mary Sibley, Ciara Sipes, Richard Sloan, Jessica Sowers, Lindsey Sullivan, Jordan Taylor, Joyce Taylor, Rodnisha Terry, Anne Tibbit, Chloe Vance, Kayla Waller, Lajayda Williams, Suzanne Williams, Kristy Wilson, Jonathan Zavalydriga;
Simmesport – Olivia Draper, Taylor Myers;
Simpson – David Marquis, Christina Snider;
Singer – Emily Smith;
Slidell – Rikki Ayers, Brittany Brooks, Jacqueline Coleman, Shakera Dixon, Jordan Garcia, Thomas Garner, Claire Harvey, William Jensen, Tristan Johnson, Allyssa Marshall, Isabel Melhado, Kha Nguyen, John Norvel, Theresa Sharp, Raina Woods;
Spain – Judit Castillo Gargallo;
Spring, Texas – Victoria Harris;
St. Francisville – Emeria Jones;
St. Martinville – Cassandra Zenon;
Starks – Sara Hyatt, Melina Royer;
Stonewall – Carolyn Davlin, Emmy Hinds, Tobert Mcallen, Hunter Tuck, Jonathan Perot, Hunter Tuck;
Sulphur – Andrina Ferguson, Madeline Fortenberry, Derek Henry, Helen-Lois Mancil, Trevor Molitor, Elisabeth Perez, Makenzie Simon, Justin Sittig, Andrew Stephens, Shelby Sullivan, Sonya Wren;
Sunset – Deandra Eaglin, Sonia Vidrine;
Talihina, Oklahoma – Heidi Couch;
Taylor, Texas – Jake English;
Texarkana, Texas – Sydney Cowgill, Cody Hambly, Jasmine Neal;
Texarkana, Arkansas – Monique Walker, Kenneth Williams;
Thibodaux – Beth Olin, Cierra Winch;
Tobyhanna, Pennsylvania – Brianna Morosco;
Trout – Harley Lisenby, Kalee McGuffee;
Tupelo, Mississippi – Bailey Griffin;
Vidalia – Charles Johnson, Brittany Kennedy;
Ville Platte – Regan Hazelton;
Vinton – Shae Cramer, Kelsie Rayon, Madison Zaunbrecher;
Vivian – Jaylon Berry, Hannah Campbell, Chase Lewis;
Warrenton, Virginia – Melissa Martinez;
Washington – Madelyn Dupont, Ambrieanna Lazard;
Waskom, Texas – Mary Alexander, Blakely Canfield;
Waynesboro, Mississippi – David Hodo;
Welsh – Edna Hofmann, Daniel Menard;
West, Texas – Nathan Nors;
West Monroe – Abigail Beck, Brandy Chapman, Alexandra Clack, Kirstin Elrod, Brianna Fife, Evelyn Maguire, Cassandra Phillips, Candyce Steele, Melissa Taylor, Syroi Webb, Christopher Wynn;
Westwego – Tja’h Edwards;
Wills Point, Texas – Rebekah Clark;
Winnfield – Jermesia Anderson, Taylor Burnett, Mia County, Ashlyn Duck, Rhonda Duff, Jourdan Fitzgerald, Hunter Johnson, Kayla Jones, Caitlyn Martin, Tenisha Phillips, Avonna Wilson;
Winnsboro – Samantha Browning, Hunter Cooper, Darrel Doyle, A’Lexus Johnson;
Winter Springs, Florida – Justin Garretson;
Youngsville – Blair Fontenot, Charli Fontenot, Brette Reaux, Isabelle Vivien;
Zachary – Lydia Johnson, Chasity Matthews, Demetriona Goudeau;
Zwolle – Kierstyn Cartinez, Hillary Charles, Michantwana Lacey, Courtney McDaniel, Holly Laroux, Konner Parrie, Treveon Perrty, Marcelina Remedies;
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1942 Randolph speaks at Madison Square Gardens, Manhattan on discrimination in the military, war industries, government agencies and labor unions with a turnout of 18, 000 people and also receives the NAACP’s Springarn medal.
General China otherwise known as Waruhiu Itote enlists in the British Army serving in the Kings African Rifles in Asia, Ceylon and in the Burma campaign in which he was promoted to the rank of Corporal.
King becomes the youngest assistant manager of a newspaper delivery station for the Atlanta Journal.
May 8 Elijah Muhammed is arrested in Washington D.C., charged with failure to register for the draft.
October Little is fired from his job for on the Yankee Clipper.
1943 Malcolm moves to Harlem, New York City and becomes involved in drug dealing, gambling, racketeering, robbery and pimping, he alsio works as a dishwasher in Jimmy’s Chicken Shack 63 St. Nicholas Ave with John Elroy Sanford from Chicago who goes on to become the comedian known as Red Fox.
March Little begins working at Small's Paradise bar and nightclub.
April Howell is released from prison and returns to Pinnacle.
June 1 Little attends his induction at Local Draft Board number 59 "I costumed up like an actor... I frizzled my hair up into a reddish bush of conk", he addresses a white soldier at the reception desk as "Crazy O" and in his interview with the military psychiatrist tells him that he wants to organise them some n soldiers, steal us some guns and kill us some crackers.
August Race Riot in Harlem, Manhattan.
September Woyane rebellion in the province of Tigray in Ethiopia.
October 25 Little receives an F-4 card in the mail informing him that he has been found mentally disqualified for military service.
December 24 Friday The Daily Gleaner.
Detained In Connection With Woman’s Death
Leonard Percival Howell, leader of the Ras Tafarian cultists of Pinnacle (off the Sligo Ville Road, St. Catherine). And members of his household, were detained for questioning by the Spanish Town Police yesterday afternoon in connection with the death, under what the Police consider suspicious circumstances, of his common-law wife (whose name was not ascertained up to the time of going to press), and whose partly decomposed and crow ravaged body, was found at the cult camp earlier in the day.
Police action followed a report from Pinnacle that the dead woman was missing from last week Friday and that the crows were seen dipping and soaring over a spot about a quarter mile from the house in which Howell and herself lived.
Du Bois is fired from his position at Atlanta University by its President Dufus Clement.
Rosa Parks, after boarding the bus at the front doors and paying her fair, straight away attempts to make her way to a seat and is instructed to reenter through the bay doors as according to custom by driver James F. Blake who drives off as she attempts to.
1944 Robinson after returning to Ethiopia in the same year is placed on house arrested for assaulting the Swedish Mercenary pilot Count Carl Gustarvon Rosen who refuses to be co piloted by him on account of the colour of his skin.
Prince Emmanuel Charles Edwards joins the community of the Ackee Walk, Back O Wall area in West Kingston, Jamaica.
1963 May 26 The Daily Gleaner Back O Wall is described as being ‘behind a wall, a high brick wall dividing the old Ebenezer Church cemetery from an area bordering the sea and adjacent Ackee Walk.’
Prince Emmanuel was previously working at Up Park Camp, the British army HQ in Kingston, and said that one day whilst he was painting a building, he fell off the ladder he was using and that he saw this as a calling, a sign from the Father for him to redeem his people.
July Little begins working for Abe Goldstein at the Lobster Pond nightclub on Fortysecond Street.
September 4 24 year old Recy Taylor walking on the way to her house from the church that she attended (the Rock Hill Holiness Church) in Abbeville, Alabama with her friend Fannie Daniel, 61 and her teenage son, 18, is approached by 7 armed men in a car, one of them later identified as US Army Private Hebert Lovett armed with a shotgun says that she is the woman that cut Tommy Clarson in Clopton that evening.
Taylor is forced into the car at gunpoint and Daniel goes to Mr. Cook to get help, Mr. Cook and Recy’s Dad go to find the sheriff and are unable to find him but find the Duty Sheriff.
Taylor is then taken 1 and a half miles out of town to a spot on the side of a road near some trees where the men force her to remove her clothes, threatening to kill her if she doesn’t, Taylor begs the men to let her go home to her family, Taylor also has a Husband and a young child, the men refuse to let Taylor go and remove their clothes, Lovett orders Taylor to lay down and for her to “act just like you do with your husband or I’ll cut your dam throat.”
Taylor is then gang raped by 6 of the men, blind folded and left on the side of the road.
Recys Dad and Mr. Cook.
Recy describes the car in which she was taken in as a green Chevrolet which Deputy Sheriff Louis Corbitt identifies as belonging to Hugo Wilson.
Taylor identifies Wilson as 1 of the 7 men in the car.
Although Wilson initially calls Taylor a liar and says that she had never seen her before he later admits that he was among those who picked up Taylor and also names the other 6 men including Lovett.
September 20 King begins his freshman year at Morehouse College in Atlanta.
October 3 Taylor’s case heard by an all white, all male grand jury in Henry Country is dismissed.
By this time none of the men had been arrested neither did Sheriff Gamble arrange an identification parade.
Gamble, when questioned later as part of a further inquiry into the investigation launched by says that he had arrested all of the men 2 days after the assault.
October 4 Wilson is issued with a fine of $250 ($3, 560 in 2018).
October The Chicago Defender publish front page article with the headline entitled "Victim of White Alabama Rapists".
Little works at Coral Gables in Lansing and as a busboy at the city's Mayfair Ballroom.
November Little is sentenced to 4 months in jail and 1 year probation for stealing a fur coat from his sister Ella's house which he had pawned for $5, the coat belonged to Ella's sister Grace.
Parks, the secretary of the NAACP’s Montgomery branch travels to Abbeville to investigate Taylor’s case.
Parks works with E. D. Nixon president of the Montgomery branch of the NAACP and leader of the Montgomery branch of Randolph’s Black Sleeping Car Porter’s, Rufas A. Lewis, funeral home director and Alabama State football coach E.G. Jackson, editor of the Alabama Tribune.
Parks founds the Committee for Equal Justice for the Rights of Mrs Recy Taylor.
Members of the Alabama divisions of Montgomery and Birmingham NAACP, editors and reporters from the Alabama Tribune and Birmingham World as well as members of the Southern Negro Youth Congress work to publicize Taylor’s case at the Negro Masonic Temple in Birmingham, Alabama.
Others who joined the committee include Du Bois; Mary Church Terrell, a suffragist and founder of the National Association of Colored Women; Charlotte Hawkins Brown, a popular clubwoman and respected educator; Ira De A. Reid, a sociologist and assistant director of the new formed Southern Regional Council; John Sengstacke, the publisher of the Chicago Defender; Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes of Harlem Renaissance fame; Lillian Smith, author of the controversial interracial love story Strange Fruit; and Broadway impresario Oscar Hammerstein II and Henrietta Buckmaster.
Sheriff Gamble when interviewed as part of the the ongoing investigation launched by claims that Taylor is nothing but a whore around Abbeville and that she had been “treated for some time by the Health Officer of Henry County for Venereal disease.”
On a later occasion some other white men testify of Taylor as being an “upstanding, respectable woman who abided by the town’s racial and sexual mores”.
4 of the 7 men "admitted to having intercourse with Taylor, but argued that she was essentially a prostitute and willing participant." whilst some of the other 3 men, including Herbert Lovett, completely deny knowing anything about the attack.
Joe Culpepper admits that he and the other men and his story of the version of events are consistent with that given by Taylor.
1945 February 13
252 MEMBERS OF ALABAMA CHAPTER SOUTHERN CONFERENCE FOR HUMAN WELFARE URGE YOU TO USE YOUR HIGH OFFICE TO INSURE A FAIR TRAIL AND INDICTMENT IN THE RECY TAYLOR CASE WHICH COMES BEFORE GRAND JURY IN IMMEDIATE FUTURE
PAULINE DOBBS SECRETARY
GOV CHAUNCEY SPARKS
STATE CAPITOL
WE APPEAL TO YOU TO USE YOUR HIGH OFFICE IN THE APPLICATION OF EQUAL JUSTICE AND A FAIR TRAIL FOR MRS RECY TAYLOR OF ABBEVILLE ALA WHO WAS ATTACKED ON SEPT 3 1944.
HOMER WILSON EXECUTIVE BOARD MEMBER INTERNATIONAL UNION BOARD MINE MILL AND SMELTER WORKERS.
February 14 The attorney general presents Taylors case but fails to convince the jury of Henry County that there is enough evidence to indict the 7 men.
February 19 received
March 17 Little is arrested for robbing Douglas Haynes at gunpoint and transferred to the Detroit Police Department.
April 25-June Du Bois along with other NAACP delegates attend San Francisco Conference where the United Nations is created, Du Bois drafts proposal.
April 28 Mussolini is hanged.
April 30 Hitler commits suicide.
June 30
September 26
2011 The book At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance a New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power by Danielle L. McGuire is published.
2011 April 21 Alabama Legislature adopt a joint resolution stating: BE IT RESOLVED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA, BOTH HOUSES THEREOF CONCURRING, That we acknowledge the lack of prosecution for crimes committed against Recy Taylor by the government of the State of Alabama, that we declare such failure to act was, and is, morally abhorrent and repugnant, and that we do hereby express profound regret for the role played by the government of the State of Alabama in failing to prosecute the crimes.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That we express our deepest sympathies and solemn regrets to Recy Taylor and her family and friends.
Taylor receives apologies on her visit Rock Hill Holiness Church.
2011 Taylor visits the White House and attends a forum on Rosa Parks at the National Press Club.
2017 The Rape of Recy Taylor documentary by Nancy Buirski premiers at the Venice Biennale and the New York Film Festival.
2017 December 28 Taylor passes away in her sleep at a nursing home in Abbeville and is buried next to her daughters grave at New Mount Zion Freewill Baptist Church.
2018 January 7 Oprah Winfrey accepts the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award and says of Taylor "They threatened to kill her if she ever told anyone... Recy Taylor died 10 days ago... for too long, women have not been heard or believed if they deared speak their truth to the power of those men... And I just hope... I just hope Recy Taylor died knowing that her truth... goes marching on.
2018 January 31 Members of the Congressional Black Caucus invite Taylors family, including her daughter, Mary Joyce Owens, to attend a speech at State of Union the Democratic Caucus wear red "Recy" pins.
October 15-21 Du Bois attends the Fifth Pan African Congress held at Chorlton Hall, Chorlton on Medrock, Canvendish Street, Manchester, England and former Treasurer and Honorable Secretary of the International African Friends of Ethiopia; Amy Jacques Garvey and Jomo Kenyatta, as well as Kwame Nkrumah are among the congress's other attendees.
Little returns to Boston.
December 14 Little, his friend Shorty Jarvis from Lansing who he had befriended in, Francis E. "Sonny" Brown, Bea, 1 of the women that Little had been seeing, her younger sister and another Armenian woman burgle a house in the Brookline, Boston of $2, 400 worth of fur coats, silverware, jewelry and other items.
December 15 Little and his gang burgle another house in Brookline sealing several rugs worth $400 as well as liquor, jewelry, lenin.
December 16 Little and the gang sell their stolen goods in New York City.
December 17 Little burgle another house this time in Newton, Massachusetts of Jewelry, a watch, a vacuum cleaner, bed Lenin, silver candle sticks, earrings, a gold pendant and chain.
Sultanin Mumusa, a Bagirwa (Priestess) of the Nyabingi cult or movement in Rwanda/Tanzania, dies in Mbarara, Uganda.
Rwanda Uganda.
1946 January Little is arrested picking up a stolen $1000 watch at the repair shop, he is also carrying a loaded 32 calibre on him.
January 15 Little is charged with illegal possession of a firearm at Roxbury Court.
January 16 Little is charged with larceny and breaking and entering.
February Little and Jarvis begin serving an 8 to 10 year sentence at Charlestown state prison in Boston Massachusett.
Itote joins the Kenya African Union and Forty Group.
1947 January Little is transferred to the Massachusetts Reformatory at Concord.
Randolph and Grant Reynolds form Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service/League for Non Violent civil disobedience.
George Watson aka Ras Boanerges or Bongo Watto founds Youth Black Faith in his yard at 9th Street, Trench Town, Jamaica.
The name Boanerges comes from the gospel according to Mark chapter 3 verse 17 which reads And James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and he surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder:
1948 January 8 Howell is sentenced to 6 months in prison.
January 23-25 Friday, Saturday and Sunday Du Bois chairs the National Conference on American Policy in China and the Far East at 111 West 42nd Street, New York.
February 25 King is assistant Pastor at Ebenezer Baptist church in Atlanta.
March Little is transferred to the Norfolk Prison Colony.
The Emperor grants 500 acres (2.0 km2) of his land in Shashamane 225 km (150 miles) south of Addis Ababa to people of African descent in the West Indies and America's who would like to resettle on the continent.
July 16 President Harry S.Truman ends racial segregation in the armed forces with Executive Order 9981.
King begins his studies at Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania.
Du Bois resigns from the NAACP for the second time.
King graduates from Morehouse with B.A. in Sociology.
Little's brother Philbert writes to him in prison telling him that he and other members of the family have become members of the Nation of Islam.
Little's brother Reginald writes to him in prison telling him to give up pork and to stop smoking cigarettes, he also visits him in prison tells him about the beliefs of the Nation of Islam. Little later writes to the leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad.
Seay becomes the first woman British Honduras Justice of Peace.
1949 Du Bois attends the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York.
L- r: John Howard Lawson; Alexander A. Fadeev; W. E. B. Du Bois; Dmitri Shostakovich; Bishop Arthur W. Moulton; William O. Stapledon, and Kiri Hrovek.
Du Bois also speaks at the World Congress of Parisians of Peace in Paris
Pablo Picasso, Juan Marinello, Donald Henderson, Mineola Zugeisoll, Roclervell Kud are also among other delegates that attend the Congress.
Du Bois then the All Soviet Peace Conference in Moscow, Russia as the delegate for the National Council of Arts, Sciences and Professionsm.
The FBI reopen their file on Du bois on suspicion of him being a communist.
Julian becomes a licensed arms dealer.
1950 Itote takes the Mau Mau oath.
Dedan Kimathi takes the Mau Mau oath and joins the Ol Kalou branch of the Kenya African Union and also becomes the branch's secretary.
Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary of the NAACP, and, Arnold Aronson, of the National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council found the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR).
April 21 Springfield Morning Union.
local criminals in prison claim Moslem Faith New Grow Beards won't Eat Pork Demand East Facing Cells to Facilitate 'Prayer to Allah'.
April The Peace Information Center is founded, which includes in its aims the purpose of gaining publicity for the Stockholm Peace Appeal and signatures for a petition against atomic warfare which 3, 000, 000 American people sign. Du Bois becomes chairman of the PIC and also runs for Senator New York on the American Labor Party ticket.
August 11 The Justice Department serve a notice on the PIC requiring them to register as an agent of a foreign principal under the terms of the Foreign Agents Registration Act.
The FBI open a file on Little after he writes a letter to President Truman in which he states his opposition to the Korean War and also confirms for the president himself that he is a Communist. Little also begins to replace his surname with the letter X as a member of the NOI, symbolising his African American descent.
1951 January 18 Howell sentenced to 2 year in prison for Ganja.
Ex Cult Leader Held On Ganja Charge
Leonard Howell one time Ras Tafari chief at Pinnacle St. Catherine and two other men were arrested yesterday by first class constable A. E. Tilloch of Browns Town Police Station charged jointly with having Ganja.
Howell, Levi Ward and Edgar Reed were held in a raid 8 Windward Road on premises.
Hundreds of curious persons lined a stretch of the road for hours after the police left with a large quantity of stuff said to be Ganja.
Defendants who are in Sutton Street jail will appear before the Kingston Resident Magistrate's court today.
May 6-8 King graduates from Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania with a B. IV (bachelor of divinity) degree.
August Count Ossie's camp at Salt lane in Kingston Coronation market is destroyed by hurricane Charlie.
September 13 King begins graduate studies in systematic theology at Boston University.
Kimathi joins the Forty Group of the Kikuyu Central Association and becomes the secretary of this organization's branch too.
Du Bois's attorney informs judge that Albert Einstein has agreed, if need be, to stand as a character witness for Du Bois, the judge dismisses the case but Du Bois passport is confiscated for 8 years.
Seay becomes the only woman founder of the National Party and is also appointed to the City Council.
1952 Seay co founds the British Honduras Federation of Women which begins a project to establish an affordable daycare centre to assist employed mothers with their children.
June 4 X requests parole.
August 4 Massachusetts Supervisor of parole informs the parole board that a full time job at the Cut Role department stores in Detroit has been secured for him on his behalf.
August 7 X is released.
X and his siblings secure their Mother Louise release from Kalamazoo State Hospital, X also visits Muhammad in Chicago.
1953 January X works at the new Ford assembly plant in Wayne as a final assembler on the production line and becomes a member of the United Auto Workers Local 900.
Kimathi forms the Kenya Defence Council.
June X becomes assistant minister of the Nations Temple Number 1 in Detroit amd establishes Temple number 11 in Boston later on in the year.
June 18 King marries Loretta Scott on the lawn of her parents house in Heiberger, Alabama.
November Saint Lucia born Hulan E. Jack becomes the first African American Borough President of Manhattan, Jack was also the treasurer of the Committee for Equal Justice for the Rights of Mrs Recy Taylor.
1954 January General China Waruhui Itote is captured by British troops.
March X expands Temple Number 12 in Philadelphia.
April Howell arrested for illegal practice of medicine.
May X leads and expands Temple Number 7 in Harlem.
May 17 Supreme court in Brian V Education rules segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
May 25 The Emperor arrives in New York aboard the liner United States.
The Emperor leaves La Guardia Airport for Washington in the presidential plane the Columbine.
May 27 Thursday.
The Emperor is arrives in Washington where he is received by Vice President Nixon. Herald Tribune, page 3.
The Emperor District Columbia Building and also visits the White House.
Selassie Sees Capital Sights
WASHINGTON (UP) Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, a frail little man with an indomitable will, made a sight seeing round of the capital with the genial good wishes of President and Mrs. Eisenhower.
His imperial majesty started off on a day taking him to Mt. Vernon and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and dinner tonight.
Shortly after breakfast, Mr. And Mrs. Eisenhower walked out on To the White House north portico, warmly shook hands with their royal visitor and saw him into his limousine. He was an overnight guest at the White House.
The President turned to the Emperor’s son and granddaughter and said, “I hope you enjoy your entire trip. It was very nice having you here.”
A servant placed in one of the cars of the emperor’s motorcade a huge box, obviously a gift to Haile Selassie from the President.
Haile Selassie is making his first visit to the United States. And yet to most Americans his erect 5-foot 3-inch frame is almost as familiar as Churchill’s cigar. THE HOLLAND, MICHIGAN, EVENING SENTINEL, page 7. RECORD-EAGLE, TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN, page 5.
May 26 The Emperor visits Blair House.
1954 May 27 The biggest Ganja raid as of that time takes place at Pinnacle £3, 000 is seized. Howells son Monty in the interview on Wu World radio with Bob Marley’s granddaughter Donisha Prendergast said that a lot more than £3, 000 was taken from his Dads house and from the community thousands and thousands were taken. The police unearth the biggest store of Ganja ever to be found one place at a time. It is understood that whilst some men were digging out bags loaded with the “weed” others were pulling from the roof of a bags made out of old trousers. They were laden with 5 notes, notes, and other local currency notes and coins. With one woman the police find another had over 300 and several had other large sums, all of which the police took over. The money belongs to some of the 140 prisoners who have been charge with Ganja possession and with having fire arms illegally. It will be returned to them as soon as the cases are settled. Star newspaper. Monty and his brother Bill were also arrested in the raid and charges are brought against them for being in unlawful possession of a Bulova watch and a Rolex watch. The police send a note to Howell telling him that if he doesn't come up with x amount of money that his sons will be charged for a lb of Ganja each. Howell pays the money and is able to retain a receipt from the place he bought the watches from, the charges against his sons are withdrawn and his sons are also discharged. June 12 No case against Howell’s sons The charge was withdrawn yesterday in the case against Martinal and Silbert Howell, teenage sons of Leonard Howell, one time self styled “king of Pinnacle. They were held during the raid which the police made at Pinnacle property on the morning of May 22, and charged with unlawful possession of watches and a cloak. Mr. H. E. Rickards, solicitor of Dayes and Rickards, informed His Honour Mr H. P. Allea in the St. Catherine R. M. Court at Spanish Town that he had produced receipts to the police which showed that the two accused were in legitimate custody of the goods. They lived about a mile away from Pinnacle settlement in the house which used to be occupied by Howell. They were in no way associated with the settlement. Mr. Cliff Grant Clark of the Courts, said the case with withdrawn. The defendants were discharged.
May 28 Friday The Emperor speaks to 12, 000 at Howard University in Washington D.C. and receives the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Law.
May 30 Sunday
Harlem Noisily Greets Selassie
NEW YORK, May 30 Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia paid his first visit to Harlem today and got a warm, noisy welcome from some 200, 000 persons.
Residents of the area, which houses much of the city’s Negro population, lined the streets by the thousands and cheered as the slight, dark-skinned monarch drove by in a closed limousine.
He was escorted to the podium of the Abyssinian Baptist Church by Hulan Jack, Negro borough president of Manhattan, and the Rev. Adam Clayton Powell, Negro pastor of the church who is also a Democratic member of the House of Representatives.
Church is filled
The church applauded loudest when Powell told the Emperor: We honor you because you are the symbol around which we place all out hopes, dreams and prayers that one day the entire continent of Africa shall be as free as the country of Ethiopia.”
Emperor Selassie told the audience its “warm welcome has overwhelmed me and I thank you from the bottom of my heart.”
The Emperor presented to the church a gold processional cross made in Ethiopia, and was given an oil portrait of himself by Ivan Tate, Negro artist.
The Emperor with Jack and Powell.
May 31 The Emperor attends the Yankee Stadium to watch New York play Washington in the first game of a doubleheader.
The Emperor is presented an autographed baseball by Casey Stengel, Manager of the New York Yankee.
June 9 The Emperor meets Mayor Joseph E. Dillon and his wife in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
June 10 The Emperor attends a ceremony, at Wold Chamberlain airport in Hennepin County, Minnesota.
June 11 The Emperor arrives at Seattle airport in Washington.
June 12 The Daily Gleaner.
11 sentenced to prison as Pinnacle trail opens
‘Extremely large’ quantity of ganja in Court
SENTENCES ranging from six months to two years imprisonment at hard labour were passed today by His Honour Mr. H. P. Allen in the Spanish Town R.M. Court as the trail of the Pinnacle case opened.
Eleven accused perswons sentenced today were convicted on charges of cultivating ganja and of having ganja in their possession.
One hundred and forty persons were arrested by the police in a raid on Pinnacle property, a few miles from Spanish Town, early Saturday morning on May 23.
The exhibits of what was certified as ganja were brought to the Court in police station wagons in all manner of containers boxes, barrels, baskets, crocus bags, grips, bales. There were also exhibits of ganja plants in court.
10 day trail
The trail which will resume on Monday at 9 a.m., is expected to last from a week to ten days.
Mr. Cliff Grant, Clerk of the courts, is prosecuting while Mr. H. E. Rickards is representing all the accused.
Acting Deputy Supt. J. N. Ricketts and Sub-Inspector George Eubanks were in attendance on the court.
Detective Sergt. Jez Marston, who was brought from Mandeville to take part in the raid, gave evidence today in all the cases heard: It was an account of his illness caused by a motor cycle accident that the trail was set back from Monday until yesterday.
There was only one incident in the smooth running of the trail. An accused who gave his name as Alfred Bennett collapsed while in the dock. He revived shortly after and was offered a chair.
He was being tried in the first case of the day along with James Bennett and Adina Manning. They were accused of cultivating ganja and having ganja.
Detective acting Corporal Gerald Nembhard told of accompanying Detective Sergeant Marston and acting Corporal Frank Harrison to Pinnacle at about 4 p.m. on the afternoon of May 23. They went to a cultivation surrounding two huts and saw the three accused weeding the field.
Warrant read
After a warrant was read, none of the accused said anything. A search was started and ganja plans numbering about 5, 000 were found in a 3 acre plot.
He arrested all three on charges of cultivating ganja and having ganja in their possession.
Cross examined by Mr. Rickards witness admitted that he did not know who was James Bennnettt or who was Alfred Bennnett.
Dectective Sergeant Marston gave evidence and under cross-examination pointed out James Bennett. Mr Rickards submitted that the accused was not James Bennett but Alfred Bennett.
Acting Corporal Frank Harrison also gave evidence. James Bennett in his defence said his name was not Alfred Bennett. He lived at Thompson Pen and had gone up to Pinnacle at around 2 p.m. on the day of the raid to visit his cousin Alfred, who was ill. He knew nothing about ganja nor had he ever planted it.
The other two accused in their defence denied that they were cultivating ganja or had ganja when they were accosted by the police.
The Magistrate found them guilty.
The police said the ganja seized on that occasion weighed 80lbs.
“It is a serious matter” said the Magistrate “and the quantity of ganja in this case is extremely large.”
James Bennett and Alfred Bennett were sentenced to twelve months on each of the two counts, sentences to run consecutively, Adina Manning was sentenced to twelve months for cultivating ganja and 6 months for having ganja in her possession, sentences to run consecutively.
Other policemen who took part in the raid and who also gave evidence were Corporal Albert Ellis, Constable Rudolph Ellis Acting Corporal Uley Delahaye, Constable Quintin Crawford and Constable Simeon Powell.
1000 lbs. Ganja
Caleb McPherson, who pleased guilty to having 100 lbs, of ganja in his possession was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment at hard labour.
He claimed that at the time of his arrest he had £18, which was taken away. Mr. Rickards promised to take up the matter.
Pircell Fairweather was acquitted on a charge of cultivating ganja. He was sentenced to 9 months imprisonment for having ganja in his possession.
Alexander Johnson found guilty of having 3 lbs. Of ganja in his possession was sentenced to 12 months hard labour.
Gustavus Robinson pleaded guilty to having 110 lbs of ganja. The weed was found in two boxes and a crocus bag in his room on the morning of the raid. He had one previous conviction for having ganja. Robinson was sentenced to two years at hard labour.
Henry Dawkins and Rebecca Murray were both convicted for having ganja. Dawkins, who pleaded guilty to being in possession of a box with 7 lbs. Of ganja, found in his room was sentenced to 12 months at hard labour.
The box
Mr. Rickards had submitted that Murray should not be presumed to have the ganja in her possession merely because she lived with Dawkins. Dawkins had admitted that the box was in his possession and had afterwards stated from the witness box that Murray knew nothing about the contents of the box. Mr. Rickards criticised the nature of the of the evidence given by police witnesses.
The Magistrate however, held that she was guilty of being in possession of ganja.
George Brown and Lillian Goode, who also said they lived together in a hut at Pinnacle, were both sentenced to 12 months at hard labour for having over 100 lbs. Of ganja in their possession. Mr. Rickards commented on the conflicting evidence which he said was given by the police in that case.
They gave verbal notice of appeal and were offered bail in the sum of £100 each.
Furthur hearing was adjourned at this point.
No case against Howell’s sons
The charge was withdrawn yesterday in the case against Martinal and Silbert Howell, teenage sons of Leonard Howell, one time self styled “king of Pinnacle.
They were held during the raid which the police made at Pinnacle property on the morning of May 22, and charged with unlawful possession of watches and a cloak.
Mr. H. E. Rickards, solicitor of Dayes and Rickards, informed His Honour Mr H. P. Allea in the St. Catherine R. M. Court at Spanish Town that he had produced receipts to the police which showed that the two accused were in legitimate custody of the goods. They lived about a mile away from Pinnacle settlement in the house which used to be occupied by Howell. They were in no way associated with the settlement.
Mr. Cliff Grant Clark of the Courts, said the case with withdrawn. The defendants were discharged.
June 14 Bay Area Gives Haile Selassie Warm Welcome
Haile Selassie I, as indefatigable a tourist as he is the ruler of 19, 000, 000 devoted Ethiopian subjects, plunged into a backbreaking of official receptions, visits and sight seeing today.
Up at 5 a.m., as usual, for his morning devotions, the frail little man with the imposing titles of Lion of Judah and King of Kings enjoyed a typical American breakfast of grapefruit juice, bacon and eggs, toast with jam and tea in his gold plated suit at San Francisco's Mark Hopkins Hotel.
Then properly briefed by members of his entourage of 19, he began his official day with a press conference.
Immediately afterwards, he and his party drove a round about route to Fort Mikey Veterans Hospital to visit American and Ethiopian soldiers recovering from wounds suffered in the Korean war.
GREETED BY 1, 500
Another leisurely drive through Golden Gate Park was to bring the 62 year old ruler of the world's first Christian nation back to the San Francisco City Hall where he was to be received officially by Mayor Elmer E. Robinson.
From the City Hall, the Emperor was to motor down Market St. to the Palace Hotel to attend a luncheon in his honor sponsored by the Common Wealth Club, the Down Town Association and the Chamber in Commerce.
After a brief break during the mid afternoon hours, he was to attend a 5 p.m. reception at the Mark Hopkins given by the World Affairs Council of Northern California.
The last event on today's schedule was an 8 p.m. dinner at the Press and Union League Club.
OFFICIAL RECEPTION A crowd of about 1, 500 was on hand last night as the Emperor, smiling and gracious, stepped down from his Pullman at Oakland.
After a greeting by Mayor Clifford Rishell and Mrs. Rishell, he and his party of 19
(Continued Page B, Col.3)
June 18 The Emperor visits Ohlahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College of Stillwater.
June X is appointed Chief Minister at Temple number 7 in Harlem by Mohammad.
King becomes pastor at Dextor Avenue Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama.
October 14 The Emperor and his son, the Duke of Harar arrive at Victoria station in London where they are recieved by the Queen Elizabeth, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Queen Mother, Princess Margaret, Princess Royal, and the Duchess of Gloucester.
The Emperor and his son are then driven by carriage in procession by way of White Hall and Trafalgar Square to Buckingham.
October 18 The Emperor receives the Freedom of the City of Bath from the Mayor Cllr Gallop.
November 27 The Emperor arrives on the train in Switzerland.
The Emperor is taken to the Castle of Jegenstorf by carriage.
1955 March 2 15 year old Claudette Colvin, a student of Montgomery Booker T Washington High School and a member of the NAACP Youth Council, on the way back home from school refuses to give up her bus seat to a white on a Montgomery bus.
A white woman is left standing so the bus driver tells Colvin and three other black women to move, the three others move but Colvin remains seated.
Next another black woman by the name of Ruth Hamilton who is visibly pregnant sits next to Colvin, the driver tells them to move, Hamilton says that she isn't going to move, that she has paid her fare and doesn't feel like standing, Colvin also tells the driver that she isn't going to move.
April Du Bois is denied travel for the Bandung Conference in Indonesia by the U.S. government.
May 1 X holds a NOI meeting in Lansing.
May 6 Colvins case is brought to Montgomery Circuit Court and the charges brought against her of disturbing the peace and violating segregation laws are dropped.
June 5 King graduates with Ph.D for doctoral studies in systematic Theology at Boston University.
August 28 Sunday 14 year old Emmett Till from Chicago is murdered in Mississippi.
Between the hours of 2:00 and 3:30 in the morning Roy and his half brother Milam, both armed, drive to Emmett’s grand uncles house in Money, Mississippi.
The men arrive at Till's uncles house and call at the door, Till’s Uncle Mose Wright ask's who it is, Bryan replies telling Wright that it is him and that he wants to talk with Wright and the boy.
Wright opens the door to Milam with a pistol and a flashlight in his hand asks Wright if he has 2 boys there from Chicago, Wright says that he has and say he wants the boy that done all that talk.
The men go to the 2nd room, Emmett’s cousin Wheeler’s room where Wheeler and Maurice are in bed, the men then go to the 3rd room where Emmett is in the bed with his cousin Simeon Wright, Wright hears a noise in the bedroom and see’s the men, they tell him to lay back down and go to sleep, he keeps his eye’s open and see’s that they are going to take Emmett he said that he didn’t know where they were going to take Emmett and thought that maybe they were going to take him back home.
They wake up Emmett and ask him questions unpleased with the way he is responding they hurry him out of the house.
Wright’s wife offers them money but Milam refuses and says that he is going to take Emmett up the road, give him a beating and let him go.
Wrights says when the men took Emmett to the car there was someone else present who they asked if Emmett was the boy to which they replied yes, the men then proceed to drive towards money.
The men drive Emmett to Sheridan’s plantation in Drew where they beat him in Milam's brother's barn.
Willie Reed saw the green 1955 Chevrolet and 5 people who he says he thinks to have been Levi 'Too Tight' Collins, Henry Lee Loggins, Emmett, Bryant and Milam.
Collins and Loggins were employed by Milam's brother Leslie.
Reed hears the beating and crying.
Reed tells a neighbour and walks with her to a water well near the barn and turns the water on when he see’s Milam who is wearing a green shirt and khaki trousers and has a 45 on his side.
Milam asks Reed if he’d heard anything, Reed tells him that he hadnt.
Wright knocks on Emmett’s friend, John Crawford’s door and tells him what has happened, they drive to money in Crawford's vehicle and back trying to find Emmett.
The men shoot Emmett above the right ear, wrap a 75 pound metal fan around his neck with barbed wire to weigh his body and dispose of him in the Tallahatchie River.
August 31 A boy fishing in the Tallachatchie a naked body that of a young male and informs the Tallachatchie County Sheriff Clarence Strider who along with deputies goes on the river in his sons boat and.
Sheriff goes to Wright and tells him that they have found a body at and wants him to identify it, Crawford drives Wright, Crawford said that he could smell the body from 5 or 6ft away.
According to Crawford, Wright said that his tongue had been cut and pushed back in his mouth and his private had been cut off although Emmett's mother.
Both of Till's wrists were also broken.
Jones calls the Leflore county sheriff as well as his mother in Chicago.
9:30 Jones Mother calls Emmett’s Mother Mamie Till Bradley, Bradley calls her Mother and goes over to her house.
Wright and his wife Elizabeth drive to Summer Elizabeth's brother contacts to Sheriff.
August 24 4 days earlier Emmett had gone to to buy some candy Till’s cousin Curtis Jones leaves Till in the store to join a game of checkers across the street. Emmett had allegedly touched 21 year old Carolyn Bryant's hand and grabbed her waist at the Grocery and Meat Market she and her Husband Roy ran.
Later, at the trail Bryant says that Emmett grabbed her hand whilst she was stocking candy and said, "How about a date, baby?" She said that after she freed herself from his grasp, he followed her to the cash register and grabbed her waist and said "Whats the matter baby, can't you take it?" Bryant said she freed herself and Emmett said "You needn't be afraid of me, baby" and said "I've been with white women before."
Roy was away and Bryant’s sister in law was watching children.
Simeon said that he went into the store not long after Emmett was left alone with Bryant Emmett paid for his items and they left the store together.
2006 The FBI note that a second anonymous source, confirmed to have been in the store at the same time as Till and Simeon given the same account.
Bradley later said that Emmett’ speech impediment, under stress would not have allowed him to get these things out.
Horace Bryant in an interview with Timothy Tyson in 2008 said that the allegations made were false.
Till had also whistled at Bryant although he whistled his polio which gave him a stutter and made pronunciation’s, particularly with words with letter b sounds difficult.
After Emmett leaves the store, Bryant goes to her car to fetch her pistol and Emmett whistles, the other children are surprised and scared and when Emmett sees their reaction he is also scared the children begin to panic.
They get in the car and notice a car behind them, they thought that the car was after them, they accelerate, pull up get up of the car and run through the cotton field the car drives past.
A neighbour by the name of Ruth tells them that they are going to hear more about it.
After they pick cotton, older brother takes them to Greenwood
A child goes and tells those across the playing checkers across the street what has happened in the store and an older man who is playing with them tells the children to leave quickly.
September 3 Sheriff Clarence Strider who had previously positively identified Emmett's body now changes his mind and says that the body found probably isn't that of Emmett, that Emmett is probably still alive and that the body that was found had been planted there by T. R. M. Howard, founder of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership, himself from Mississippi and that Howard had also placed the ring on the body.
Till’s body is transported to Funeral Direct A. A. Rayner’s Funeral Home in Chicago for burial.
Bradley asks Rayner to open the casket, he had been instructed not to, Bradley asks Rayner if he has a hammer, for she will open the box herself if necessary, Rayner tells Bradley to go home and he will call her when he takes the body out of the box.
Rayner calls Bradley and she goes back to the funeral home, Bradley said that as she was approaching the home, that she had picked up the strong smell of the body from 3 blocks away, Bradley also said that all but 2 of Emmett’s teeth had been knocked out.
September 6 Emmett is given a public funeral service with an open casket held at the Roberts Temple Church of God in Christ and buried in Burr Oak Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois, tens of thousands view his body.
Jars are placed in stores to collect funds for Bryan and Milam.
September 18 A man by the name of Frank Young tells Howard that he knows 2 witnesses, Collins and Loggins but Sheriff Strider arranges for them put be put in protective custody at the Charleston, Mississippi jail.
During the trail Bradley, black congressman from Michigan Charles Diggs and several black reporters stay at Howard's house in Mound Bayow which is patrolled by his armed guards.
September 19 Roy and Milan are tried at the county courthouse in the town of Sumner, the western seat of Tallahatchie Country.
The courtroom's capacity of 280 is filled and the trail lasts for 5 days.
Mose is photographed by Ernest Withers as he points out Milam who he says he recognised as being 1 of the 2 men who came to his cabin, the only light in the house at the time was Milan's flashlight.
A reporter who covered the trail for the New Orleans Times Picayune says it was the most dramatic thing he saw in his career.
Bradley testifies saying that she had warned Emmett about Mississippi and that if he ever found himself in a situation that he should get on his knees and beg for forgiveness from the white people, the defense questions her identification of her son and a $400 life insurance policy that she had taken out for him accusing her of.
2 witnesses testify to having seen Collins and Loggins on Milam's brother's property and hearing someone being beaten and cries. Leflore County Sheriff George Smith, Howard and several reporters try to locate Collins and Loggins but Sheriff Strider had put them into protective custody at the Charleston, Mississippi jail the day before the beginning of the trail when 1 of the witnesses
Judge Curtis Swango allows Carolyn to testify but not in front of the jury, objecting that her testimony is irrelevant to Emmett's kidnapping and alleged murder.
Sheriff Strider testifies for the defense that Emmett is probably still alive and that the body found was white. A doctor from Greenwood on the stand says that the body is too decomposed to identify, and had been in the water too long to be Emmett.
One persecuting attorney says that what Emmett did was wrong but warranted a spanking not murder.
Gerald Chatham denounces the statements made by Sheriff and the doctor.
The defense states that that the prosecution's theory of events are improbable and also says that the jury's "forefathers would turn over in their graves" if they convicted Bryant and Milam as they would receive a life sentence or the the death penalty.
2005 The Department of Justice exhume the body and an autopsy conducted by the Cook county coroner positively identified Till using DNA from his relatives, making dental comparisons with photographs and.
Bradley said that when the jury retired to return with the verdict and she saw the black people who lined the walls and the backs of the room beginning to leave quietly she knew that they knew they were not going to get a guilty verdict, she tells her party that its time to go, Diggs insists "and miss the verdict", Bradley says that she already knew that the verdict was not guilty, Bradley and her party then leave.
The all white all male jury acquit the 2 men.
Howard also paid for Wright, Reed and another witness to relocated to Chicago.
November 3 The Emperor 25th Jubilee attends service at church and signs a revision of the 1931 constitution and promises more political liberties in parliament while continuing to keep all powers to himself.
November 17 Kings first child, a daughter Yolanda Denise King is born.
November 27 Parks attends Dexter Avenue Baptist church where Howard speaks on Till's murder.
December 1 Thursday 18:00 Parks seated in the first row behind the white section of bus, along with four other African Americans is prompted to move further to the back of the bus but the section reserved for white fills up and 2 or 3 white passengers are left standing.
Parks refuses to give up her seat and is arrested.
Earlier on in the year Parks had completed a course in Race Relations at Highlander Folk school in Tennesse and had learn much about non violent civil disobedience tactics.
Parks said that thoughts of the treatment that her people were being subjected to understandably were going through her mind at that moment and in her 1992 interview with National Public Radio's Lynn Nearly also said that Till was also on her mind.
Parks is charged with violation of Chapter 6, section 11 of the segregation law and bailed by Edgar Nixon and her friend Clifford Durr.
Jo Anna Robinson and other members of the Women's Political Council print and begin to distribute 35, 000 leaflets informing the public of the boycott.
December 2 Friday 16-18 people meet at Mt. Zion AME Zion church including Parks, King and Abernathy.
December 5 Monday The Montgomery Advertiser publishes an article informing its readers of the boycott. African American cabs drivers charge the same fare as the bus.
Park is tried on charge of misorderly conduct and violating local ordinance fined $10 with court fee of $4.
King, at mass meeting held in Holt Street Baptist church is chosen by Ralph Abernathy and Rev. E.N. French as the President of the Montgomery Improvement Association to lead the Montgomery bus boycott decide that the boycott should continue.
December 8 Thursday Montgomery officials warn cab drives that anyone charging less than 45 cents will be fined.
The boycott lasts 385 days and ends Jim Crow on all public buses in Montgomery.
X establishes Temple Numbers 13 in Springfield, Massachusetts, 14 in Hartford, Connecticut and 15 in Atlanta, Georgia and also meets Betty Sanders after one of his lectures.
1956 January 30 Kings home is bombed.
February Fred Gray, attorney files federal court case Browder V Gayle (Aierelia V W. A. Gayle Mayor of Montgomery) is heard in the United States District Court, Colvin is 1 of 5 plaintiffs the others are Browder, Susie Mc Donald, Mary Louise Smith and Jeanetta Reese, all of who have been arrested earlier on in the year for refusing to give up their seats. Reese drops out of the case due to intimidation from.
February 21 King is indicted by the Montgomery County Grand Jury for alleged violation of a 1921 statute which outlaws boycotts against businesses.
March 19 Kings trail begins.
March 24 King is found guilty and fined $500 and $500 fees.
June 13 The district court in Browder V Gayle rules racial segregation on buses in the city of Montgomery and the state of Alabama as unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution.
October 21 Kimathi is shot and captured by fellow Kikuyu termed as askari meaning traitor.
Betty Sanders joins the Nation of Islam also replacing her surname with the letter X.
November The state of Alabama appeals against the District Court's ruling at the United States Supreme Court who uphold the ruling.
December 20 The Supreme court issues order to Montgomery and state of Alabama to end bus segregation, the city passes an ordinance authorizing black bus passengers to sit virtually anywhere they choose on buses.
Roy and Milam agree between $3, 600 and $4, 000 to be interviewed by journalist William Bradford Huie for Look magazine about Till.
In the interview which is held at the law firm of the attorney's who had defended them, their attorney's ask the questions and the 2 men willingly admit to killing the boy.
2003 The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till documentary by Keith Beauchamp is released and PBS also air an effort installment of American Experience titled The Murder of Emmett Till.
December 23 Kings home is attacked, someone fires a shotgun through the front door.
December 24 Christmas Eve, A black teenager, after coming of a bus is attacked by a group of white men.
December 28 2 buses are fired on by snipers, a pregnant woman is shot in both legs.
1957 January 10 Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth, Joesph Louver form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
5 black churches are bombed, Reverend Robert J Graetz's house is also bombed.
January 23 Willie Edwards is lynched by a group of Klansmen.
February 18th Kimathi is executed by hanging at Kamiti Maximum Security Prison and King appears on the front cover of Time magazine.
2007 February 18 On the 60th anniversary of Kimathi's execution, the official unveiling of the Kimathi bronze statue monument takes place in Nairobi with former Kenya Mau Mau freedom fighters Keiru Kioge, 84 and Thungu Githogo, 70 among those in attendance.
March 6 King attends independence celebrations in Ghana and also meet Kwame Nkrumah.
April 26 Frankee Lee Potts, Lypsie Tall and Hilton Johnson come across 2 police officers beating an African American man (Reese V. Poe) with their nightsticks and shout out This is New York not Alabama.
Johnson is beaten by 1 of the officers to the extent that he suffers brain contusions and subdural hemorrhaging.
The news reaches X who turns up at the 28th Precinct Station house with a small group of fellow Muslims asking to talk with Johnson, the police deny that Johnson is being held there but as the number of people at the station in support of Johnson grow to about 500, the police relent.
X sees that Johnson is taken to hospital in an ambulance, 100 of those at the station walk along with X up Lenox Avenue to Harlem Hospital and return to the station down West 125th Street.
The crowd outside the station grows to about 4, 000 people at the police station.
X and attorney Charles J. Beavers succeed in their trying to have bail granted for Tall and Potts but are unsuccessful in their attempt to have Hinton bailed and are told by the police that Hinton cannot go back to the hospital but must remain until the next day to appear in court.
X walks out of the station, gives a hand signal to the crowd of supporters and they begin to leave.
One police officer tells James Hicks editor of the New York Amsterdam News that "No man should have that much power."
April 27 The NOI pay $2, 500 bail for Johnson but the police decline to let him leave with X and Beavers.
Hinton is released outside the New York felony court and is taken to Harlem’s Sydenham Hospital where he is told that he has a 50/50 chance of surviving.
Hinton and the NOI file a lawsuit against the NYPD and are awarded over $70, 000 the largest sttlement of the time.
May 15 King attends Evangelist Billy Graham crusade in Madison Sqaure
May 17 Randolph collaborates with Bayard Rustin and Ella Baker to organise the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom march in Washington D.C. at which Wilkins is among the speakers, King makes his first national address and makes his "Give us the Ballot" speech.
King (at podium); first row: Wilkins, Randolph, Reverend Thomas J. Kilgore Jr., unknown, and Abernathy; Vivian Carter Mason (second row right).
June 13 King and Abernathy meet with Vice President Richard M Nixon.
King becomes President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
October 23 Martin and have their second child, their first son Martin Luther King III.
X sends telegram to the Police commissioner.
1958 January Malcolm proposes to Betty during a conversation on the pay phone in a gas station in Detroit and marries her two days later before a Justice of Peace at his brothers house on South Butler Street in Lansing, Michigan.
Pinnacle burnt by Police members disburse.
March 1 Prince Emmanuel's 21 day convention at Back O Wall in West Kingston, Jamaica begins.
1960 August 6 The Daily Gleaner.
In March 1958, Prince Edward C Edwards held a 'Convention' of Ras Tafari brethren at Kingston Pen adjoining Back O Wall Handbills had been circulated in advance announcing this Convention Some brethren from as far afield as Montego Bay sold their belongings and giving away the proceeds came in Kingston in the firm belief that at the end of the Convention they wold embark for Africa.
The Convention was reported in the JAMAICA TIMES (March 8, 1958 ppl and 14). Eye witnesses relate that a large number of old car and traetor tyres were collected at Orince Edwards's establishment behind the Tivoli Cinema. H.E. the Governor, Sir Keneth Blackburne, visited Edwards premises before the Convention opened and that speeches made by young and old on the platform before the assembly consisted of streams of filthy language, which is perfectly in order among some brethren, who hold that no words are bad in themselves. Nightly dances to the akete drums were held around fires fueled with the collected Tyre Some witnesses indicate that there were guards. "soldiers" and the like policing the place The Niyabinghi dance and theme were publicized through these gatherings which lasted 21 days On one occasion units of the Kingston Fire Brigade were called on to put out the fires which had become threatening They did this with considerable enthusiasm, dousing the environs at the same time Thereafter there were no fires One morning at about 4 a m an assembly of Ras Tafari Brethren moved in a body to the Parade known as Victoria Park shouting their intention to capture it. On receiving news of this, the police moved to meet them and after some fighting the Park was cleared.
THE CONVENTION, which had apparently attracted three thousand people (Jamaica Times, 8th March 1958, p1) many of whom have ended without anyone embarking for African Those who had disposed of their property in this belief were ashamed to return to their communities Prince Edward's convention marks the decisive point in the deterioration of relations between the Government and the public on the one hand and the Ras Tafari movement on the other The antisocial elements so heavily emphasized during those three weeks were perhaps irrevocable. During the latter part of 1958 two cases occurred at Trench Town, Kingston in which Ras Tafari men were said to have thrown children into the fire as sacrifices.
The cult of and increased steadily within the movement. Its moderate wing lost control, and a fair number of E.W.F. Locals became dormant The news of Haile Selassie's land grant spread like a rumour, unverified, irrefutable. The executive of Local 19, who held the letter did little to publicist the facts The moderate wing were sharply divided among themselves on doctrinal and personal grounds. The Daily Gleaner Saturday, 1960 August 6 - Page 8.
When Norman Manley visited it as premier, accompanied by my brother Hartley Neita of the Government Public Relations Office, they had a hard time just finding somewhere to walk. A published paper following the visit described how families slept on cardboard and crocus bags. "There were no roads, just beaten tracks winding around each hut...and no piped water, one man had built a latrine where he charged residents one penny to use it. The alternative was at the edge of the community where they scraped a shallow hole and squatted to drop their waste. The smell from the combination of rotting wood, sour water and faeces and scraps was a nauseous, stomach turning smell."
The other side of Tivoli article in Jamaica Observer by LANCE NEITA 2014 December 13 Saturday.
The Back O Wall area inhabited by some 3, 000 residents was bulldozed in 1963 and Dungle or Dung Hill off Foreshore Road (now Marcus Garvey Drive) in 1966 for the new Tivoli Gardens Garrison. Dr Clinton Hutton, lecturer in the Department of Government at the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona campus Cooke Gleaner 2010 August 29.
After the bulldozing of Back O Wall, Prince Emmanuel then moves to Galilee (Harris Street), Jericho (Spanish Town), Greenwich Street, David Lane, 54b Spanish Town Road in Denham Town, Western Kingston, where he founds the ETHIOPIA AFRICA NATIONAL CONGRESS and finally to 10 Miles Bull Bay in the parish of Saint Andrew, North East of Warieka Hill, renaming the ETHIOPIA AFRICA NATIONAL CONGRESS as the ETHIOPIA AFRICA BLACK INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS and publishes his Black Supremacy in Righteousness of Salvation.
2010 May social unrest in Tivoli Gardens Jamaica government declare a month long state of emergency.
Bruce Golding prime minister of Jamaica and leader of the Jamaica Labor Party signs the warrant for the arrest and extradition of Christopher Coke Dudus son of Lester Coke aka Jim Brown founder of the Shower Posse. Golding had refused to have because evidence had been obtained illegally by wiretap.
Dudus's supporters stage protests and barricade the street.
May 21 Friday Several police stations are attacked. 2010 May 25 www.bbc.co.uk Jamaica security forces storm 'drugs lord' stronghold.
May 23 Sunday 2 police are killed.
May 24 The manhunt for Dudus begins, a combined Soldier and Police operation storm the Tivoli Gardens slum.
May 25 Article in the Guardian reports that 44 have been killed during gun battles between the security forces and gunmen, this figure was given by Bishop Hero Blair who toured the slum escorted by security forces, Public defender Earl Witter says that most of the corpses at the morgue "appeared to be those of males under 30. There were no women among the dead."
The road to Kingston's international airport is closed and flights are cancelled.
May 26 Bulldozers are brought to clear the makeshift barricades of sandbags, barbed wire and junked cars thrown up by Coke's supporters.
The article published on this day written by Ross Sheik in Kingston and Carolina Davies for The Guardian entitled Residents trapped inside of their homes also reports that 4 soldiers and police have been killed, 37 have been injured and more than 500 are held in a temporary detention centre at the National Stadium.
Witter says residents, trapped in their houses, were in desperate need of help. "They complained that they were bottled up inside the buildings that were cleared," he said. "There was no running water, bodily waste was stored in pails.
"In a section called Rasta City there were some 30 children, many of them toddlers, who needed particular care. In one case a mother was injured and taken to hospital and she left her 18-month-old son with no one in particular." 10℅ of Kingston is cordoned off
May 27 The Daily Mail reports 60 dead.
June During the week of Dudus's arrest, the Jamaica government offers $60, 000 for any information on his whereabouts.
June 22 Coke, disguised wearing a wig and women's clothes is arrested at a roadblock at Mandela Highway on the way to surrender at the US Embassy in Kingston.
2011 May Coke pleads not guilty to federal drug trafficking and weapons trafficking.
2011 August Coke pleads guilty to federal racketeering charges in connection with drug trafficking and assault/racketeering conspiracy for trafficking large quantities of marijuana and cocaine into the U.S. and conspiracy to commit assault in aid of racketeering, for his permission of stabbing of a marijuana dealer in New York City.
2012 June 8 Coke sentenced by Federal Court in New York to 23 years.
August 29 Notting Hill race riot Majbritt Morrison, a Sweedish woman, has an argument with her Husband Raymond at Latima Road underground station, a fight breaks out between Raymond's friends and some white people who attempt to intervene.
August 31 Majbritt is assaulted by a group of white youth.
A white mob begin attacking the houses of the West Indian residents on Bramley Road.
September 3 King is arrested, charged and jailed for loitering at courthouse during Abernathy case.
September 17 King’s book Stride Toward Freedom is published.
September 20 King is stabbed in the chest by mentally ill black woman with a letter open while signing copies of his book Stride Toward Freedom in Blumsteins department store in Harlem.
October Du Bois, after regaining his passport, travels to Russia where he addressees the Afro-Asian Writers Conference held at the Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre in Tashkent.
Randolph Youth Marches for Integrated Schools in Washington, DC.
1959 February 3 King travels to India, meets Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehrie.
March 2 Reverend Cladius Henry's Seventh Emmanuel's Brethren distribute 15, 000 tickets.
April Henry is held after raid.
May 7 Mornings a dispute occurred at the Coronation Market Spanish Town Road, Kingston between a bearded Ras Tafari gate keeper and a non Ras Tafari police man both employees of the KAC. According to informants the policeman was quickly assisted by other policemen and the Ras Tafari was severely drubbed in public.
According to the brethren the market vendors, who knew and were friendly to the beaten man proceeded to stone his assailants with vegetables and anything they could lay hand on.
Lorry a fire.
A fire bridgade turned up the brethren say the Ras Tafari proceeded to batter the police and set the van on fire, more police arrive and there was a general melee at the end of which, the police were fully in control and are said to havewen to the Back O Wall area where where many Ras Tafari live and there wreaking vengeance some had their houses broken up about 57 were arrested a fair number of beating are alleged to have taken place and many Locksmen were forcibly shaved.
August 1 9:00 holders of certificate (card) requested to visit Henry's Seventh Emmanuel's Brethren HQ at Rosalie Ave. off Waltham Park Road for Emancipation Jubilee. Please preserve this Certificate for removal. No passport will be necessary for those returning to Africa. Bring this Certificate with you for "identification " We are sincerely, "The Seventh Emmanuel's Brethren" gathering Israel's Scattered Children for removal, with our Leader God's Appointed and Anointed Prophet Rev C V Henry R R
October 3 Pioneering Israel's scattered Children of African Origin back home to Africa, this year 1959, deadline this new Government is God's Righteous Kingdom of Everlasting Peace on Earth. certificate.
November Henry's son Reynold Henry and US citizen Mitchell Swaby arrive in Jamaica from the United States.
November 30 Immigration officer and sergeant of police Frank Alfred Davis with two officers is sent to Cladius Henry’s at 78 Rosalie Avenue by the acting chief immigration officer to inform Henry that he is to report to the police HQ the next day.
Henry receives letter from Fidel Castro.
December 5 Henry holds meeting at his 78 Rosalie Avenue residence with two to three hundred present on the premises two men at the gate report in the Star newspaper on premises speaks of machine guns Manley 14, 000 and that trip to the United States thought he had gone to see his wife but he had been to Russia as well as to see the King of Kings.
Du Bois is awarded the International Lenin Peace Prize by the USSR.
X visits the United Arab Republic of Egypt/Syria, Sudan, Nigeria and Ghana.
King publishes his the meseaure of a man book including his what is man and The Dimensions of a complete life Sermons.
Count Ossie records Kumina Burru drumming for Prince Buster produced Oh Carolina by the Folkes brothers.
1960 Rupert Gabbidon orders Ras Tafarians Claude Beckford aka Thunder, R. Mac Donald and Gerald Scott to lay down on their faces then shots them.
June 22 Wednesday The Daily Gleaner.
Police and Military undercover Red Hills Rastafari arms cache DESPERADOES WITH RAPID FIRE GUNS KILL TWO ROYAL HAMPSHIRE SOLDIERS two other infantry men critically shot Gang of five, some bearded, hijack van, escape to Sligoville
PREMIER CALLS ON PUBLIC TO HELP
A COMBINED Police Military raid on Rastafarian camp in the Red Hills area, yesterday morning, was turned into a deadly ambush when five men attacked the raiding party from the rear and fled, leaving one soldier, a member of the Royal Hampshires, dead on the ground and three other members of the same unit critical wounded.
A second soldier died at Military Hospital at Up Park Camp last night and the other two wounded men were reported still on the danger list, particularly one, who was shot three times in the chest and once in the neck. Automatic weapons were used in the attack.
The surprise attack and casualties increased the tempo of the combined Police Military operations, in an area stretching all the way from Red Hills, through Ferry to the rugged hills of Sligoville, where the five desperadoes are said to be located.
They reached there after slipping through the Police and Military cordon in the Red Hills area and then headed for cover by commandeering at gun point a van owned by Wills Battery Company, and driven at the time by Mr. C. Staples, and shooting their way through a Police and Military road block along the Spanish Town Road, near Ferry.
SUBMARINE RUMOR Yesterdays development follow a weekend filled with rumors of increased subversive activity in Jamaica, including stories that a strange submarine had landed arms on the North coast and that large quantities of arms had been secretly brought into the island. There was no confirmation by the authorities of these rumors.
The operations were described by the Premier, the Hon. Norman Manley, however, as "normal", in a broadcast to the people in which he appealed for the cooperation of citizens to assist the Government in protecting the good name of the country.
Up to Press time, Police and soldiers (of both the Royal Hampshires and the West India Regiment) had a widely stretched cordon around the entire area of operations, although in concentration in the Sligoville area; a heavy armed guard has been assigned to duty at the Sligoville home of the Hon. Willis O. Isaacs, Ministry of Trade and Industry; ad armed Police protection had been alerted at the homes of the Premier and other ministers of Government.
The combined Police and Military operation moved out to cordon off the Red Hills area early yesterday morning in order to take measures which were described by the Ministry of Home Affairs yesterday in the following words:
"The Military and Police operations now taking place are a continuation of the security measures being taken by the Government in places where it is suspected ganja and/or crude weapons are stored for activities similar to those which were discovered".
This is a reference to raids made in April by the Police on the African Reform Church premises of the Rev. Claudius Henry, Repairer of the Breach, now held without bail on a Treason Felony charge, and to raids by the Military and Police on Rastafarian camps in the Wareika Hill area.
The movement, which began around three o'clock yesterday morning, was directed against a Rastafarian camp the Police knew existed in the Red Hills area. The camp is located on the slopes of the hill overlooking approaches, and connect with Washington Boulevard. High level Police and Military conferences over the week end decided to move in on the camp.
ENCIRCLEMENT The area was cordoned off during the dark, and at dawn the raiding party moved in. When they arrived there, however, it was empty. All that was found were dynamite, crude bombs and several sharp two edged cutlasses. A party of Hampshire Regiment soldiers was left at the camp while other member's of the raiding party began what was to be a day long combing of the area.
Details are not yet available, but around 11:30 a.m. yesterday the residents of the Red Hills area were startled by the sound of shooting from the bush.
According to an official release, five men, believed to have been among the occupants of the camp, made a surprise attack on the search party at the camp, shooting one fatally and wounding three others. One of them died later at Military Hospital.
The five men have been described as dressed in military style khaki clothing. Three of them were brown and two black; three were bearded fully, two appeared to be without beard, They were armed with long guns or automatic weapons, and one had a long revolver stack in the top of his trousers.
After they had escaped from the scene of the camp's disaster, they were next placed along the Spanish Town Road just below Ferry and a Police Military road block.
Here, two hundreds yards east of Ferry, they seized a Fod can belonging to Wills Battery Company at gun point, ejected the driver, crashed a Police cordon, shooting as they headed towards Spanish Town and Sligoville, A police van which was headed toward Kingston turned around to give chase and in turning went over the embankment.
On the way to Sligovile, people have told of being asked the way, by armed men in a car, and some at Cotton Piece, about five miles from Sligoville, said the men waved to them as they sped towards Sligoville. At Cedar Valley, two miles from Sligoville, the Ford van crashed into a telegraph pole as it attempted to negotiate a corner. The occupants fled the vehicle, carrying their weapons and amunition, and disappeared into the bush.
The Police and Military units are now concentrated in the area, having set up campaign headquarters at Mt. Moreland Postal Agency, about two miles from Sligoville. Two Police dogs are in the area to join the search, while a spotter plane overflew the Sligoville area all yesterday afternoon to assist the ground search for the wanted men.
Though alowed by darkness and difficult terrain, the search for the desperadoes went on through the night.
Shooting, then Screams from the bush
REVOR Wilfris, A 16 year houseboy who works about a quarter mile from thescene of the shooting, told the Gleaner that between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. some soldiers came to the house and took him down to the now defnnet Red Hills Country Club.
At the club they asked him if he knew where any Rastas lived. He told them he did not know, he had only seen them working on a nearby quarry, They returned him to the house shortly after.
While in the house, soldiers accompanied by policemen started moving toward an in the bush near the home.
Long after he heard shooting and screams. An officer shouted for some soldiers and stretchers. Two men were carried away on stretchers. The shooting lasted about 5 minutes.
Military h/q closed to visitors
FULL SECURITY measures were taken at Up Park Camp yesterday, which became closed to all visitors.
Inquiries at the Military Headquarters for the names of the members of the Hampshire Regiment killed and injured in yesterday’s raid on the Rastafari camp at Red Hills, produced no information. The names will not be released until the next of kin have been notified.
Meantime, units of the Hampshires have joined the West India Regiment units and the Police in the Sligoville Area in continuation of the search for the armed desperadoes wanted by the authorities.
Crash kills van driver
OLD ENGLAND Mr. June 21 (From out correspondent) ONE MAN was killed and another seriously injured in an accident on the Old England Brokenhurst main road shortly after noon today.
It is reported that a van owned by Blue Ribbon Bakery of May Pen, and driven by Mr. Dalton Sutherland, 26, of Four Paths, overturned while negotiating a corner, Mr. Sutherland was pinned down under the van and died on the spot.
Mr. James Ferguson, 40, a salesman who was travelling on the van, was seriously injured and was taken to the Mandeville Hospital.
Ten in hospital after bus plunge
THIRTEEN persons were injured yesterday when an Enterprise bus plunged down a 45 foot ravine into a river at Trinityville, St. Thomas.
UNIA appeal Help root out ‘evil menace
MR. RALSTON S. POWELL, Commissioner of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica (founded by Marcus Garvey) told the Gleaner last night he wished to send profound sympathy to the relatives and Army colleagues of the deceased and injured soldiers.
As a result of the shooting he said, well thinking citizens should aid the Police in rooting out the “evil menace in our midst”.
He wished to make clear that the UNIA did not tolerate such “un-Jamaican and un-democratic activities” and they were determined to help in whatever way they could to prevent any similar incident here.
Machine gun hold up ORDER:DRIVE US THROUGH
THE driver of the 1959 Ford pick-up belonging to Willis Battery Company, which was commandeered by five desperadoes on their way to the hills of Sligoville yesterday, described last night how the vehicle was taken from him.
The driver, Mr. Staples, said he was driving toward Spanish Town around noon.
At the bridge, just before reaching Ferry Police Station, five men, dressed in greenish uniforms resembling the uniforms of American soldiers, wearing what he believed to be false beards, and each holding what appeared to him to be a machine gun, suddenly appeared; standing in the road, causing him to stop the vehicle.
One man climbed in beside him, stuck a machine gun into his ribs and ordered him to “drive us through”. Four times he was ordered to do so, and four times he refused. He told them he must know what it was all about before he would drive them. The man refused to tell him; Meanwhile, the other four men had climbed in the pickup from the rear.
A police van approached from the opposite direction and there were exchanges of gun fire between the men and the police; one bullet struck the wind screen, breaking it. The man beside him called to one of the men behind. “You come an drive”. He then opened the van door and pushed him out on the road. Another man, he said came from the rear pushed him aside, climbed in and took the wheel. The motor had been left running and the desperadoes drove off, leaving the driver crouching on the road.
While on the ground, the driver saw the Police van trying to turn round to pursue the bandits, but in the manoeuvring, it went over into the ditch. He heard Police in the upset van, radio to all units a description of the stolen pickup.
The desperadoes threw out his “tool-pan” as they drove away.
A POLICE ROAD BLOCK on Spanish Town Road, at Duhaney Bridge, similar to that at Ferry through which the five desperadoes shot their way yesterday to escape into the rough, broken hilly terrain of Sligoville.
Troops move on Civil Servant’s home
THE HOME occupied in the Red Hills area by Mr. A, St. A. Clarke formerly Senior Statistician in the Civil Service, now attached to the Ministry of Finance, was involved yesterday morning in the security manoeuvres in that area by Military and Police units.
The security forces searching for Rastafarians, moved in on the house, situated some distance beyond the old Red Hills Country Club, about 7:00 yesterday morning and later in the morning and questioned Mr, Clarke. Soldiers were reported to have battered on the door.
At home at the time were Mr. Clarke, his wife and their seven year old son.
Mr. Clarke, who wears a beard, later lodged a complainant with the Ministry of Home Affairs.
He vacated his family from the home for the rest of the day.
Report unusual Rasta moves – Manley
THE Premier, the Hon Norman Manley, Q.C., made an appeal for the cooperation of citizens in reporting unusual movements of Rastafarians to the proper authorities, in a broadcast yesterday afternoon.
Mr. Manley was reporting to the island on yesterday’s incidents in the Red Hills and Sligoville areas:
He said:
“I want to say just a few words about the news that you have probably heard in regard to a raid made by the Police and a detachment of soldiers on a Rastafari camp in the Red Hills.
“I deeply regret that a soldier was shot and killed and three wounded.
“This was done by five of the men who had been in the camp, who managed to get hold of weapons and were shooting their way to escape. It seems that they feel upon the soldiers from the rear,
“This was just a normal raid that was being made on this camp where we discovered the sort of thing that we had found at Rosalie Avenue; we discovered dynamite and cutlasses and things like that.
Must End
“There is no need for anyone to get alarmed, but at the same time, everyone must realize that this wicked and mischievous activity must come to an end. These people and I am glad it is only a small number of them are wicked enemies of your country.
“They are doing your good name great harm, and it is tragic that this sort of thing should be happening just when we are on the verge of becoming an independent people.
“I want to ask every citizen to assist your Government in protecting the good name of your country. I want to ask you all to report any unusual movements you may see of Rastafari people whether they are going in ones or twos or in groups, wherever they suddenly appear in suspicious circumstances.
“I think you have a duty to do this. Make your report to the proper authority, if need be, to the nearest Police station. I promise you that anybody giving information along these lines will have his name kept absolutely secret and will be protected in every way, completely protected. We will do our duty, you do yours, and all will be well.”
Government sympathy to relatives of dead
Following is the text of an announcement made by the Ministry of Home Affairs yesterday afternoon on yesterday’s security measures by the police and the military and on developments:
“The Police and Military raid, mentioned in an earlier statement made by the Ministry of Home Affairs took place early this morning. A well prepared camp was discovered in the Red Hills area but when the raiding party moved in no one was there and it was evident that the camp though recently occupied had been abandoned.
“As we expected dynamite, crude home made bombs and other crude arms were discovered.
“At around 11:30 a.m. five persons, who are believed to have been amongst the occupants of the camp, made a surprise attack on members of the search party, shooting one fatally and wounding three others. These desperadoes then made their escape by commandeering a vehicle at gunpoint on the Spanish Town Road. Appropriate follow up action is proceeding.
Mischief
“Steps have already been taken to advise relatives of the soldiers who suffered casualty in the unfortunate incident, and the Government expresses its sympathy to their relatives.
“There is no doubt that a small element of the Rastafari movement is determined to make mischief and to do damage to the good name of this country. Government calls for the co operation of all law abiding citizens to help to put and end to this wicked conduct.
“Everyone is asked to bring to the attention of the Police authorities any evidence they have of the movements of these persons whether in twos or threes or in larger numbers or any suspicious activities by strangers that they may notice. Government guarantees that their reports will be kept secret and they will be fully protected.
“There is no need for alarm but we must put a stop to this business”
Two held; in ganja charge
DURING the Military operations at Sligoville, yesterday evening, the Police arrested, on a charge of having Ganja in their possession. The men are Gladstone Perkinsm 44, of 44 Seventh Street. Trench Town, and Samuel Tucker 39, of Maxfield Park settlement. They were taken in by Acting Corporal Grant of the Half Way Tree CID.
The soldiers, several hundreds of them, from both the Royal Hampshires and the West India Regiment, together with hundreds of Police armed with rifles, bren guns, sten guns, and light mortars, displaced themselves for an all nig combing of the area but up to the time of going to Press, had made no contact with the armed fugitives.
June 23 King has a private meeting with Democratic presidential candidate John F Kennedy.
July 26 Tuesday The Daily Gleaner.
Reynold Henry, Al Thomas, William Jeter and Howard Rollins found by military and police unit after 7 day manhunt whilst having fallen asleep in shop at Orange Grove in Sligoville, St. Catherine, Rollins is shot reaching for machine gun and later taken to Kingston Public Hospital by ambulance, Henry was as he tries to reach for a weapon is struck by a soldier with the butt of his rifle. taken to Central Police Station.
JAMAICA’S biggest manhunt came to an end just before dawn yesterday morning as four men Reynold Henry, Al Thomas, William Jeters and Howard Rollins, all American citizens were taken into custody by police and military units at Orange Grove, two miles out of Sligoville.
One man was shot. He is Howard Rollins, who the police say reached for a sub machine gun when the search party came upon them in a small dwelling house shop at Orange Grove. As he reached for the weapon, a soldier opened fire. Rollins is now under heavy guard in the Kingston Public Hospital.
The other three men three of the five whom military and police units have been searching for since last Tuesday are in the Kingston Police Station.
Hunger and sleep were the twin factors which led directly to the capture of the wanted men. The men woke up a lone shop keeper at Orange Grove, on Sunday night, demanded food and drinks and having had them fell asleep on the floor of his house. They were awakened just before 5 o’clock yesterday morning by police demands that they “come out with your hands up.” Rollins stirred and reached for the sub machine gun and was promptly shot by military and police guns trained in at a window and covering them as they lay sleeping on the floor.
The shooting was the signal for entry into the room. As the policemen and soldiers entered, Reynold Henry (son of the Rev. Claudius Henry, head of the African Reform Church, now held without bail on a charge of Treason Felony) reached for a gun. A soldier clubbed him to the floor with the butt end of his rifle.
Thus ended a chase and search which had occupied six days and which had begun at a Rastafarian Camp in Red Hills, where four Hampshire soldiers were shot two fatally and which had soread to the rugged hills and broken country of Sligoville. The police took into custody a sub machine gun and several small arms and a large quantity of ammunition.
IDENTIFICATION PARADE
The hunt ended just a few hours before the police had established that the three Rastafarians killed at the Red Hills camp, included among them the long wanted Claudius Beckford, otherwise called “Thunder.” They had all been shot in the head, allegedly on the orders of American nationals who had joined the camp at Red Hills. Before their deaths, Beckford and the two others Gerald Scott and R. McDonald whose bodies were discovered at Red Hills on Sunday were the leaders of the camp.
All four captured men are to be charged with murder in connection with the deaths of the two soldiers at Red Hills on Tuesday and evidence is being accumulated in connected with the death of the three men whose bodies were discovered on Sunday.
Three of them Henry, Jeters and Thomas will appear in the Half Way Tree Court tomorrow. An identification parade was held at the Central Police Station yesterday.
A police communiqué on the capture of the wanted men yesterday said:
At about 1.30 a.m. on the 27th June, a resident of Orange Grove reported to the Police that the four (4) wanted men had gone to his house and demanded food and drink, which he was forced to supply. They then went to sleep and this man contacted the police and military road block at Tredegar Park. As a result a small detachment was taken to watch the house and reinforcements were immediately called for from Sligoville. The reinforcements under Major D. F. Robinson 1 W. L. R. and Asst Supt. Of Police W. S. Howard left Sligoville and proceeded to the area.
A cordon was thrown around the house and at 5.00 a.m. a combined military and police unit moved in on the house. A window was broken by a W. I. B. Sergeant and a police man, who saw the four men lying on the floor. They were ordered out and one man subsequently identified as Howard Rollins attempted to reach the arms that were on the floor of the house. He was shot. Thereupon all the men surrendered to the police and army.
“The injured man was conveyed to the Kingston Hospital by a military doctor and ambulance unit.
“The other three men who are identified as Reynold T Henry, Al Thomas and William Jeters were send under escort to Police Headquarters, where they are detained.
“All four men are U.S. citizens. A quantity of arms and ammunition has been recovered.
“The Police are stil very anzious to interview the following persons:
Lawrence Thornwell RICHBURGH o/c Larry RECHBURGH, Mitchell Dunbar SWABY, Patrick Alnswirth GRANT, Qasim ABDULLAH, Phillip STEVENSON, David AMBRISTER, o/c David KENYATTA, Eldrid Zinton Emanuel MORGAN o/c ‘REX’, Donald Masou Harper, Titus DAMONS, George Junoir DAMONS, All WATUSIE o/c WATTUSEY, Jospeh Lee WILLIAMS o/c William JOSEPH, Sethi AMENEN HAT.”
MILITARY WITHDRAW
At a Press Conference yesterday morning, the Commissioner of Police, Mr. L. P. R. Browning, Lieut. Col. David Smith, Commanding Officer of W.I.R., Major Dunstan Robinson, of WIR, Mr. A. G. Langdon, Assistant Commissioner of Police and Captain D. Prothero, of the Royal Hampshires attended.
Mr. Browning paid tribute to the military, whose action in the operation was absolutely first class, he said.
A skeleton force of police had been left in the area but all military personnel have been withdrawn.
Mr. Browning stressed the fact that public support is still required even though the fugitives have been arrested,
Asked about the arrival of the fugitive s into the island Mr. Browning said that the time of arrival was doubtful.
Lt. Col. Smith said in reply to a question that the ammunition found on the men was not from the local military.
Taking part in the seven day man hunt were 400 military personnel and 100 police.
United States Consul Mr. Robert McGregor was kept informed of the situation up the the arrest yesterday morning, Mr. Browning told the Press Conference.
A reward of £1,200 will be paid today to the shopkeeper at Bamboo whose information to the police led to the arrest of the four fugitives.
Premier commends Police, Military
THE police and the military have been commended by the Premier, the HON. Norman Manley, Q.C., for their work in the manhunt which ended yesterday.
In letters sent to Brigadier Derek Lister, Commander Caribbean Area, and Mr. L. P. R. Browning, Commissioner of PolIce, yesterday, Mr. Manley said:
“Brigadier Lister, Please accept and convey to the commanding officers and all other ranks of the Hampshire Regiment and the West India Regiment the thanks of the Government of Jamaica for their devoted services in the recent troubles which have been brought to a successful conclusion today.
The Government of Jamaica repeats its sincere regrets and (Continued On PAGE 14)
‘Thunder’ one of the dead Rastafarians
CALVERT Claude Beckford, otherwise called “ Thunder” and wanted by the police on a Treason Felony charge since April, when the Rev. Claudius Henry was taken into custody on a similar charge, was one of the three men whose bodies were recovered from a grave at Red Hills on Sunday.
The two other dead men found in the grave were Gerald Scott and R. McDonald, also members of the Rastafarian Cult and members of the Ethiopian Coptic or Reform Church, headed by the Rev. Claudius Henry.
Postmortem examination yesterday morning settled the cause of their deaths. They were all shot in the head.
The police believe that the manner of their deaths was in the nature of execution and on the instructions of American nationals who had taken over command of the camp at Red Hills, where Beckford had been in hiding and where all three were up to recently the leaders of the cultists who occupied the camp.
Soldiers of the Royal Hampshire Regiment digging for weapons at the abandoned Rastafarian Camp at Red Hills on Saturday discovered a recent grave. Expecting to unearth one body a police and military search party visited the on Saturday morning and dug up not one body but three.
First indications were that the man had been strangled or hanged. Marks conforming with such a theory were found around their necks. A postmortem examination yesterday revealed the true cause. They had been shot at close quarters through the head.
Rastas identified
All Jamaicans, the dead Rastafarians were identified yesterday by other Rastafarians who were rounded up by the police yesterday and Sunday.
A police release on this matter said yesterday:
“It is now believed that the three men buried near the abandoned Rastafarian Camp in Red Hills woods are (1) Gerald Scott, (2) C. C. Beckford, and (3) R. McDonald. All these men were members of the Ethiopian Coptic Church and followers of the Rev. C. V. Henry. It is understood that these men were murdered on instructions from foreign members of the camp.” (Continued On PAGE 14)
HE CALLED FORCES WHILE MEN SLEPT
MR. SEPTIMUS HIGGINS, 46, the shopkeeper in whose house the four wanted men were held, yesterday told how he was forced to give them food and drink from his shop and was finally able to summon the security forces when the men went to sleep on the floor of his house.
The wanted men were held at Orange Grove yesterday morning between Tredegar Park and Sligoville by a detachment of policemen and members of “B” company of the West India Regiment.
Mr. Higgins said that at about 7.30 Sunday night four men came in his yard and called to him.
Reynold Henry said to him: “We are in trouble, we are out from Tuesday gone and we got nothing to eat. What do you have in the shop?”
Pot on fire
He said he told them that he had nothing save for “little flour, fish and oil” The four men went in the one room building used as a kitchen and sleeping quarters, made a fire and put a pot of the fire.
They went in the shop, took four bottles of aerated water from a shelf and drank one each.
Mr. Higgins said he gave them flour, codfish and oil, and the men helped prepare it.
The men made dumplings from the flour, cooked and ate them. Then they took off their clothing which were wet wrung them and placed them over cross sticks by the fire to dry.
Mr Higgins said they showed him their guns, saying, “These are for all those who set hands against us.” They put them on the floor.
They next asked for a cro (Continued On PAGE 14)
June 30 Thursday The Daily Gleaner.
ARRESTED AMERICANS EXCEPT ONE IN HOSPITAL TAKEN BEFORE HALFWAY TREE COURT FOUR CHARGED WITH MURDER OF SOLDIERS three also accused of slaying of Rastafarians.
As the round the clock search continues for five men wanted for questioning by the police two Jamaicans and three Americans three of the four men held in the Orange Grove section of the Sligoville area on Monday morning were taken before the Half Way Tree Court yesterday and charged with murder of two soldiers at the Red Hills Rastafarian camp and also with the murder of three Rastafarian members of the camp on June 15.
The men Reynold Henry, son of the Rev. Claidius Henry, head of the African Reform Church who has been held without bail since April, with 15 of his followers, on a charge of Treason Felony Al Thomas and William Jeters were taken to the Court under heavy military and police guards.
They were taken to the Court in a truck in which sat members of the West India Regiment with fixed bayonets and armed members of the police force. Leroy Malachai, an American, held earlier was also taken before the Court.
They were formally charged before His Honour Mr. Donald Eccleston, with the murder of 5 persons, two soldiers Brian Mettherell and David Philpott, privates of the Royal Hampshite Regiment, and three Rastafarians Calvert Beckford, otherwise called "Thunder," R. McDonald and Geral Scott.
Mettherell and Philpott were killed following a combined military-police operation on the Rastafarian camp at Red Hills on Tuesday last week, a development which led to the island's largest manhunt and the bodies of Beckford, McDonald and Scott were discovered by the police in a single grave at the Red Hills camp on Sunday. They had been shot in the head, eight to twelve days previously according to medical evidence. Other charges against the wanted men, as also against Leroy Malachai, who was held last week in premises at Duff Street (and who was charged last week with the murder of the two soldiers) and against Howard Rollins, otherwise called Quasim Abdullah (now recovering in the Kingston Public Hospital from a bullet wound on Monday morning) are being prepared by Mr. Huntley Monroe, Crown Counsel, who was been assigned to the police in connection with the preparation of the cases.
SOLDIERS ON EITHER SIDE The five men wanted by the police Gabidon, Eldrid Morgan, Jamaicans, Larry Heckburg or Lawrence Richburg, David Ambrister or David Kenyatta and Titus Damon, Americans, were apprehended up to late last night. Rewards of 300 each have been offered for information leading to their detention.
The four men (including Leroy Malachai) were brought to the Half Way Tree police station yesterday in a truck which was escorted by a police car. The accused sat in the middle of seat boards placed in the truck with soldiers on, either side of them. An English officer attached to the West India Regiment faced Henry and held a revolver trained on him. All the soldiers and policemen in the vehicle carried rifles.
The procedure was repeated on the return trip to the Central Polce Station. Handcuffed and barefooted and wearing dirty shirts and pants two with shirts unbuttoned and one wearing his shirt capelike across his shoulders, the three men taken to court were marched into court by soldiers of the West India Regiment carrying rifles with fixed bayonets. Members of the police force with batons also guarded the men.
Before the Court were Reynold Henry, 26-year old mechanic, a United States citizen of Jamaican birth; Al Thomas, 26 year old American labourer and William Jeters, 23-year old American electronics engineer. They are charged with being concerned together with Howard Rollins, otherwise called Quasim Abdullah, captured on Monday and now in the hospital suffering from a gunshot wound, Gabidon and Eldrid Morgan, still at large, that on June 15, in the Red Hills woods of St. Andrew they murdered Gerald Scott, Calvert Beckford and R. McDonald.
The second count against Henry, Jeters and Thomas charged them with being concerned with Abdullah on June 21 at the Red Hills woods with the murder of Brain Mettherell and David Philpott two privates of the Royal Hampshire Regiment.
The men were remanded in custody until July 6, Leroy Malachai, 26-year-old carpenter of Brooklyn, New York, who is also charged in connected with the murder of the two soldiers and with unlawful possession of unlicensed firearms and several rounds of ammunition was also brought into Court and remanded in custody until July 6.
Rollins charged, convicted and sentenced to death for robbery and murder of Champion House club and bar Lyndhurst Road and Maxfield Avenue, St. Andrew.
Charged with seven counts of murder, tried, convicted and sentenced to death hanged on the gallows at St. Catherine District Prison.
September X attends the United Nations General Assembly where he meets Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Ahmed Sekou Toure of Guinea, Kenneth Kaunda of Zambian African National Congress and Fidel Castro of Cuba all of who invite him to their nations. as travels to Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria and Ghana.
October 1 The Daily Gleaner.
JURY TAKES FOUR HOURS RETIRES THREE TIME BEFORE RETURNING VERDICT
REYNOLD HENRY, GABBIDON, MORGAN, JETER TO HANG
Damons, Rollins, Thomas acquitted
COURTROOM CROWDED, THOUSANDS OUTSIDE
THE death sentence was passed last night on four of the seven persons charged with the murder of Gerald Scott after a jury sitting until 7.45 o’clock and retiring three time had found them guilty of murder.
Sentenced by the Chief Justice to be hanged were Reynold Henry, 26, Eldred Morgan, 22, William Jeter 23, and Albert Gabbidon, 23, at the conclusion of a ten day trail.
George Domons, Howard Rollins and Al Thomas were acquitted of the charge.
When sentence of death was passed by Sir Colin MacGregor Henry, who during the trail was referred to as the “Commander” at the Camp in Red Hills woods where Scott was shot shrugged his shoulders, struck an unlighted cigarette in his mouth and leaning over to his Counsel, Mr. W. B. Frankson said “you tried your best. You did a dam dine job”.
William Jeter turned to his Counsel, Miss Gladys Morrison and smiled broadly from the oversized prisoners dick which had been built specially to accommodate the accused.
Morgan and Gabbidon stared straight at the Chief Justice.
A packed No.1 Home Circuit Courtroom, many of the occupants having arrived at the Court from 8 o’clock that morning, and eat lunch in the building listened in dead stillness to the verdict.
Outside, thousands of people waited in the dark to hear the outcome and to see the accused when they were being taken from the Courtroom.
The charge against the men followed the discovery in the Red Hills woods if three men buried in a single grave. The three men were identified as Gerald Scott, Calvert Beckford, otherwise called “Thunder”, and R. McDonald, all Rastafarian cultists.
Jury retires first time
Evidence led by the Crown during the trail was that the three men were among five found guilty of “treason” by the accused, ordered to lie down on their faces and shot by the accused Albert Gabbidon. Two of the men were granted a last minute reprieve by the accused and one of these, Alvin Irving, was the chief witness for the Crown.
Ten witnesses gave evidence for the Crown during the hearing and all of the accused with the exception of Henry and Rollins entered the witness box and gave evidence on theor own behalf.
Yesterday the Chief Justice finished his address to the jury which he began on Thursday afternoon and at 2.50 p.m. the jury returned for the first time.
While they were out Henry sat reading a STAR, and Gabbidon sat wiping his face with a handkerchief. At the time Mr, United States Vice Consul who has been watching the trail on behalf of the United States Government, chatted with Henry.
AT 6.40 p.m. two hours after they had been out, the jury returned and asked further directions from the Chief Justice on the question of common design. After retiring once more the twelve men returned to the Courtroom and the foreman, Mr. Stanley Prendergast, informed the Court that they were unable to agree on a decision with respect to all the prisoners.
They were offered ten minutes more time by the Chief Justice, left and returned to the Courtroom at 7.35 four hours after they had first retired: In a packed courtroom that was momentarily stilled the foreman delivered the verdict making recommendation of mercy in respect of the condemned Morgan and Jeter.
Three removed from dock
The Chief Justice ordered the accused who had been acquitted to be taken from the dock and after the black cap was placed on his head, addressing the remaining four said: “After two weeks of very patient and careful hearing and after hours of consideration the jury have come to a verdict guilty of murder against all four of you.
“In regard to Morgan and Jeter, I have noted the recommendations for mercy, the recommendations I will forward to His Excellency the Governor with such recommendations as I see fir to add.
The sentence of the Court on each one of you is that you suffer death in the manner authorised by Law.
When the prisoners were taken from the dock the Judge told the jury of Stanley Prendergast, Eleuterious Kirkland, Peter Nelson, Charles Phillips, Eric Smith, Audley Renwick, Walter Tomlinson, Vincent Rose, Lorenzo Parkes, John Archer, George Roman and Winston Parris, that he was discharging them from jury service for the next five years.
Outside when they were being transported from the Court, Henry and Gabbidon waved to the crowd of thousands that gathered in the precincts of the Court to see them.
In the trail Mr W B Frankson appeared for Henry, Miss Gladys Morrison for Rollin and Jeter, Mr Dennis McFarlane for Albert Gabbidon Mr W B Wilkie for Al Thomas and Mr Basil Rowe for Eldred Morgan and Titus Damons.
Mr Huntley Monroe Crown Councel and Mr L L Robotham Crown Councel, led the evidence for the Crown.
Mr V O Malcome. Deputy Registar of the Supreme Court, was Registar to the Court.
Yesterday during part of the proceedings Mr Robert Mac Gregor United States Consul General was oresent in Court
(Continued on PAGE 13)
Trail of Claudius Henry begins on Monday
THE Rev. Claudius Henry, founder of the African Reform Church and 15 of his followers, charged jointly with reason felony, go on trail Monday in the No. 1 Home Circuit Court.
Mr. Justice Duffus will preside.
Mr. Huntley Monroe, Crown Councel and Mr L. L. Robotham, Crown Councel, will lead the evidence for the prosecution.
Mr. Peter Evens, who appeared for the accused at the preliminary inquiry, will represent them at the trail.
October King is arrested at sit in at Rich's department store in Atlanta and is sentenced to 4 months hard labor for violating a suspended sentence he received for a 1956 traffic violation.
October 27 King is released on a $2, 000 bond.
Howell is arrested for Ganja at Tredegar Park, Spanish Town and sent to Bellevue.
November Du Bois attends the inauguration of Nnamdi Azikiwe as the first African Governor of Nigeria.
King publishes his autobiography.
1961 January 17 Patrice Lumumba is murdered.
February 6 The edifice of Africa Hall is named by the Emperor who dedicates it to the service of the African people.
March 29 Wednesday The Daily Gleaner.
CONDEMNED MEN ACCEPT CHRISTIAN MINISTRATION IN DEATH CELL
HENRY, GABBIDON HANGED
Pastor says Reynold finally accepted ‘God was love, not hate’
GARVEY HIS LAST WORD
‘THE LORD IS MY LIGHT’ GABBIDON
AFTER SEVERAL penitent session with Christian Ministers, Reynold Henry and Albert Gabbidon walked to the gallows at 8.30 o’clock yesterday morning, paying the price for the murder of one of three Rastafarians 10 months ago near Red Hills.
“I die for Marcus Garvey,” were the last words of Henry, a naturalized American, aged 27, and son of the Rev. Claudius Henry, now serving a ten year term for treason felony.
“The Lord is my light,” said Gabbidon as he stood on the platform waiting for hangman Alan Whonder to pull the lever at St. Catherine Prison, Spanish Town.
Taking his forty second walk to the gallows beside condemned men, Rev. J. J. Carter Henry, Baptist Pastor, administered the last sacrament to the two.
Two Sister sof Mercy visited Henry last Monday afternoon and, as a result, Fr. T Curran, S.J. OF Spanish Town went to Death Row later in the day and gave Henry final Roman Catholic rites. The Sisters said they consoled and tried to strengthen Henry who was very penitent.
The sisters remembered Henry who attended a Roman Catholic school during his youth in Jamaica.
Henry also saw an Anglican Minister Rev. J. D. Gentle of Spanish Town.
Shorty before they started the seven yard trek to the gallows, Henry shouted; “Morgan, Jeter I will meet you at 8:30 in the morning.” (today).
Gabbidon said; “Morgan, Quasim (meaning Howard Rollins who is also in Death Row) remember tomorrow before you die to say Lord have mercy on my soul.”
Henry’s parting words to his comrades were: “Today I shall be in Paradise.”
A few minutes before he had sighed: “I feel like committing suicide.”
NEAR FINAL DAY
Policemen patrolled the area around the prison as a crowd of about 500 grew restless on the main road nearby. A stirring hush indicated the 8:30 date with death, and several women cried openly as a prison warden pinned the death notice on the public side of the concrete wall signifying that Mr. George E. Morris, Superintendent of Prison, witnessed the hanging and Dr. G. A. McKenzie certified the end.
Rev. Carter Henry held a Press conference at his home 10 minutes after the execution. He said Henry was an atheist at first. He believed that the white men went to stole the lands of his forefathers and gave the Bible in exchange.Rev. Carter Henry added that Henry maintained his chief aim in returning to Jamaica was to gather an army to liberate Africa. He meant no harm to any one in the island.The middle aged pastor said Henry accepted God as the final day approached, after he had been told that God was love, not hate.He said Henry recited John 3:16 , inserting his name: “For God so loved this world that He gave His only begotten Son that I Reynold Henry shall not perish but shall have everlasting life.”“He was loyal to himself.” Rev Carter Henry said, solemnly.The pastor produced a sheet of paper on which he said Henry wrote; “Through Him I shall not die, I am fortunate; I can be no more resolute. No more! Thank God for His love and thank you too Rev. Carter. I am sorry I never met you before.”Henry then recited the passage from John and everyone sang the Hymn: “ There is no dark valley where Jesus comes to gather His loved ones.Jeter, Morgan follow todayEldred Morgan, a Jamaican and William Jeter, an American will be hanged today at 8:30 a.m. at the St. Catherine District Prison also for the murder of Gerald Scott.They were found guilty at the same trail as Reynold Henry and Albert Gabbidon of taking part in a common design to kill Scott.Yesterday morning the two men each had one scalded egg, one poached egg, two slices of toast and a cup of tea. They then smoked mentholated cigarettes, maintaining calm composure as eight strong wardens ried their hands. Then, blindfold, they were led to the gallows.Henry weighed 188 lbs, Gabbidon 162. On a signal from Mr. G .A. McKenzie, the Director of Prisons, the hangman pulled the lever. The platform collapsed.(Continued on PAGE 20)
April 4 The Mission to Africa sent by the government of Jamaica leave. The Mission compromised of 9 men Mortimer Planno, representing the Ras Tafari movement, Bro Douglas Mac and Bro Filmore Alavarana, Rases from Eastern and Central Kingston, Mr. Westmore Blackwood of the UNIA, Dr. M. B. Douglas of the Afro Carribean League, Mr. Cecil George Gordon of the Ethiopian World Federation Inc. advisers Dr. L. C. Leslie, former Mayor of Spanish Town, medical practitioner and leader of the Mission and Mr. Victor Reid, journalist and author.
The Mission was sent to Africa to investigate the potential intake of emigrant's the Mission and include in its report the economy of each of the countries visited.
April 4 The Mission leaves Kingston for New York. The Mission spend 2 day at Hotel Theresa on 5th Avenue and are met at the Idlewilde Airport by members of the Ethiopian World Federation, UNIA and other Back to Africa Movements in New York.
They visit the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in New York, the HQ of the Ethiopian World Federation, New York and also visit the U.N.O. Buildings but are unsuccessful in obtaining sears in the balcony of its general assembly.
April 6 Thursday 21.30 The Mission leaves New York for London.
April 7 Friday 8.30 The Mission arrives in London. They stay at Hotel Londoner and visit the Ethiopian Embassy, the French Embassy and the Ghanaian Embassy to get visas for entry. They visit the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey.
April 14 15.40 The Mission leave London for Khartoum via Rome
April 15 04.10 The Mission arrive in Khartoum and at 4.30 leave for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
The Mission arrive at Haile Selassie I airport via Asmara, Mack and Alvarange met 4 Ethiopian Orthodox Priests who fly with them to Addis Ababa.
April 16 Sunday 9.35 The Mission arrives at Addis Ababa on Ethiopian Airlines where they are met by Ato Getanen Haile Mariam, Chief of English and Commonwealth Department in the Ministry of Foereign Affairs, Waizaro Maize of the Ministry of Education.
The Mission visit His Holiness Abuna Basilios of the Ethiopia Orthodox Church.
April 17 visit Her Imperial Majesty Empress Menen handicraft and technical school for girls and boys where they see hand weaving of wool, cotton, working in gold and silver, carpentry, joinery, cabinet making and wood carving.
April 18 Tuesday The Missions meet with the Emperor is postponed until they meet more Government Ministers. They visit the Lions Den next to the Imperial Palace which contained 21 Lions.
April 19 The mission visit the Co operative Farm at Awasa and on the way stop at Shesshaminane, the land granted to the people of the, about 200 km from Addis.
April 20 The mission fly's by Ethiopia Airlines Special Charter Flight to Jimma in the province of Kaffa.
April 21 Planno, Doulas Mac and Alavarana meet the Emperor at the Imperial palace, Alvarana presents a carved wooden sculpture of a map of Africa and a painting of the Emperor, Brother Mac presents photographs taken of Ras Tafari brethren, and a painting of Navy island (Errol Flynn Island), Planno presents a ites gold and green scarf woven by he himself, a painting of the Emperor in his military uniform painting by Sporty Green.
April 22 The mission visits the Ministry of the Interior the Minister welcomes the delegation and says that.
In the afternoon to his residence where they have tea and honey.
April 23 Sunday 10.30 The Mission leaves Haile Selassie I Airport on Ethiopian Airlines for Lagos, Nigeria via Khartoum. The Mission stay at Ikeja Airport Hotel and go to the Federal Palace Hotel in Lagos.
22.30 The Mission arrives at Ikeja Airport by Ethiopia Airlines where they are met by Mr. Babatunde Harper of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other officials and stay 2 days at Ikeja Airport Hotel.
April 24 Monday The Mission visit the Oba Adele, King of Lagos and in the afternoon visit the Yaba industrial estate.
April 26 Wednesday The Mission meet Nnamdi Azikiwe at State House in Lagos and also attend as ice show in Lagos as Azikiwe’s guests.
April 27 Thursday Sierra Leone gains its independence and the mission visits the furniture factory at Village also the Defacto Bread Factory Surelereat Yabba and drive around Ikoyi Village.
April 29 Saturday The Mission drives by car to Ibadan from Lagos and are accommodated at Green Sorings Hotel.
10.00 The Mission call on the Head of Service and Chief Secretary, and then the meet Acting Premier of Ibaddan Oba C. D. Akran in the Premier;s office.
13.00 A luncheon is held by the Government in honor of the Mission and in the afternoon they tour the University of Ibadan.
18:30 whilst in the city of Ibadan in Western Nigeria the Mission attend a cocktail party held in their honor by the West Indian residents at the home of Secretary General D. A. R. Alexander a Saint Lucian and Mrs. Alexander a Jamaican.
April 30 The mission drive to Illora farm settlement, 50 miles from Ibadan.
May 1 Monday 9:00 The Mission leave Ibadan by Nigerian Airlines for Kaduna in the north.
11:55 The mission arrive at Kaduna Airport and stay at Catering Rest House.
May 2 The Mission meets the deputy secretary to the Premier S.A.S. (S.D.S.) Premier office in the afternoon legislative and the Kaduna Textile Plant which employs 1, 600 workers.
May 3 The mission drives by car to the city of Zaria about 69 miles from Kaduna. Zaria is an ancient city with a wall of stone and mud all around it, the mission also visits.
May 4 Thursday 1.50 The Mission arrive in Enugu in the east by Nigerian Airlines, they stay at Catering Rest House and in the evening are invited to dinner by Dr Michael Okapard, Premier of Eastern Nigeria at the Premiers Lodge.
May 8 Monday 16.20 The Mission arrives in Accra, Ghana by Nigeria Airlines and stay at the Ambassador Hotel.
May 9 19.00 The Mission attend a reception held in their honor at the Ambassador Hotel where they meet the chiefs from various states in Ghana including 92 year old Nii Amoo Nakwa II Obtobolum Mensta the oldest chief in Ghana and also meet 2 Rastafarians brethren from Jamaica, Jackie Payne a compositor working at the Guenis press in Accra and another brother a machinist working at the Osageyfo Builders Brigade.
May 10 The Mission meets Nkrumah at Flagstaff House.
Nkrumah appoints a special committee to talk with the mission.
May 11 The Mission visits Tena Harbour, the home of the Black Star Line, 20 miles from Accra.
May 12 The mission visit a botanical garden and rest house and are given some seeds to suck which makes everything they eat taste sweet.
May 13 The mission visits the museum at Accra.
May 15 11:59 p.m. The mission leaves Ghana for Liberia.
May 16 1.00 am The Mission arrive in at Robertsfield airport in Liberia by PAA and drive through miles Firestone rubber plantations on the way to Ducor Palace Hotel in Monrovia where they stay.
May 18 The Mission meets President Tubman at his office, the majority report mentions the 1955 law which was enacted to "authorise the President to make arrangements for the care of immigrants to Liberia" enriched by a provision granting the issuing of free lands to immigrants, plus 3 months free housing to encourage immigration and for a bias to farmers, unmarried settlers recieve 10 acres of farm land and 1 town lot, married settlers receive 25 acres of farm land and 1 town lot.
Tubman speaks of Garvey and recalls his own state visit to Jamaica, says that Jamaica is overpopulated and needs easement, speaks of the founding of the republic and the immigration laws which have existed since then which permit people of African descent from the West Indies.
The foreign secretary, Mr. Grimes, who is of West Indian decent is also present at the meeting. The President also mentions Jamaicans Barnes, Corniffe, building contractor Clifford Brown and Miss Ethelda James, the country's first female Diamond miner as some of the West Indians who have contributed to Liberia.
1921 March 7 President C. D. B. King of Liberia arrives in New York as head of the United States Liberian Plenary Commissione to negotiate loan; 5 man UNIA welcoming delegation pays greeting call at Waldorf Astoria Hotel.
March 18 UNIA mission arrives in Monrovia.
March 22 UNIA delegates to Liberia hold official interview with Liberia’s acting president.
April UNIA delegates in Liberia stop "construction work" temporarily because of lack of funds.
Rev. F. Wilcom Ellegor, UNIA high commissioner meets with President C.D.B. King in Washington D.C., regarding UNIA Liberia construction loan.
1924 January
The delegation was led by Henrietta Vinton Davis and also included Princeton education Robert Piston and UNIA new attorney Milton Van Lowe.
1815 Cuffe arrives at Sherbrooke Island in present day Sierra Leone with 88 African Americans, the first.
1816 December The American Colonization Society is established.
1820 The ship Elizabeth sails from New York to Sierra Leone and Liberia with 88 emigrants.
and 22 emigrants die within 3 weeks from yellow fever and of the 4, 571 emigrants brought to Liberia between this year and 1843 only 1, 819 survive.
1821 Lt. Robert Stockton points a pistol to King Peter's head and King Peter sells Cape Mersurado.
1822 January 7 The emigrants brought to Sherbrooke Island by Cuffe are taken to Cape Mersurado by another ship and there they establish the city of Christopolis.
1824 The city of Christopolis is renamed Monrovia after President James Monroe.
1825 King Peter and other Kings sign a treaty with Ashmun granting land and are given 3 barrels of rum, 5 caskets
1829 March Jamaican John Brown Russworm co founder of the first African American owned newspaper, "Freedoms Journal" emigrates from the U. S. to Liberia.
1830 Russwurm found employment as the colonial secretary for the American Colonization Society serving from until 1834 and also worked as the editor of the Liberia Herald and served as the superintendent of education in Liberia's capital, Monrovia.
1836 Russwurm becomes the first black governor of the Maryland in Africa colony which was annexed Liberia in 1857.
1845 The ACS draft a constitution at a convention held in Monrovia.
1847 Liberia delcares its independence becoming an independent and sovereign Republic using the constitution.
1848 January 3 Joseph Jenkins Roberts is elected Liberia's first president.
1850 Edward Wilmot Blyden at age 18 emigrates to Liberia after unsuccessfully enrolling in Rutgers Theological College as well as 2 other theological colleges in the U.S.
Blyden had made the trip to the U.S. with the wife of John P. Knox, pastor of St. Thomas Protestant Dutch Reformed Church.
The state of Virginia begin to put aside $30, 000 every year until 1855 to support emigration.
Blyden edits the Liberia Herald and writes the column "A Voice From Bleeding Africa".
1859 May Martin Delany, whos own paternal descent was that of Goan sails from New York to Liberia where he and chiefs in the Abeokuta region make an agreement similarly to for to unused land.
Earlier that same year Delany had published parts of Blake: Or The Huts of America in response to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s "Uncle Tom’s Cabin", in which he criticized for inaccurately portraying the slaves as too passive although for cruelty of Southern slave owners, the first half of part one is serialised in The Anglo-African Magazine between January to July.
1860 Delany leaves Liberia for England and there he is honoured by the International Statistical Congress, and returns to America shortly.
1835 Delany attends the National Negro Convention in Philadelphia.
1843 Delany begins publishing The Mystery black newspaper, his articles and writings are reprinted in William Lloyd Garrisons "The Liberator" and also meets and marries Catherine A. Richards Pittsburgh.
1846 Delany is sued $650 for libel by an African American, Fiddler Johnson, who he accused in The Mystery newspaper of being a slave catcher.
1847 Delany meets Douglass and Garrison whilst they are in Pittsburgh on an anti-slavery tour and helps to put together Douglass’s first abolitionist newspaper "the North Star", printed from the basement of the Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in Rochester, New York.
Delanys eulogy for Rev. Fayette Davis is widely redistributed.
Delany recruits for the Union Army. His son Touissant Louverture Delany serves with the 54th regiment.
1848 July Delany reports in the North Star that the jury in the Crosswait trial were instructed by U.S. District Court Justice John McLean to make it a punishable offence for a citizen to thwart those trying to “repossess” an alleged runaway slave, and as a result influences abolitionist Salmon P. Chase to remove McLean as a candidate of the Free Soil Party for the Presidency.
1850 Delany becomes one of the first of three black men to attend Harvard Medical School but is dismissed in after a few weeks on account of a race complaint from white students.
1852 Delany publishes his The Condition, Elevation, Emigration and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, Politically Considered.
1854 Delany publishes The Origins and Objects of Ancient Freemasonry: Its Introduction into the United States and Legitimacy among Colored Men.
Delany, in the second Cholera outbreak stays behind in Pittsburgh to treat patients whilst many leave the city.
August Dealany leads the National Emigration Convention in Cleveland, Ohio.
and publishes his “Political Destiny of the Colored Race on the American Continent”.
1856 Delany moves his family to Chatham, Ontario, Canada.
1861 Delanys second part of part one series is published in Weekly Anglo African Magazine, he also prepares to embark Abeokuta but abandon plans abolition
Delany begins recruiting black men for the Union Army Rhode Island, Connecticut and Ohio raising thousands of enlistees many joining the new United States Coloured Troops, his son serving in the 54th regiment, writes to secretary of war Edwin Stanton
179, 000 black men enlisting in the U.S. Coloured Troops making up almost 10% of those serving in the Union army.
1865 February Delany meets Abraham Lincoln and proposes the creation of a Corps of black men led by black officers to attract blacks in the south.
Delany becomes the first black line field officer in the U.S. Army as well as the only black officer to receive commission of the highest rank of Major during the Civil War.
April 14 Delany invited to the War Department ceremony in Charleston, South Carolina, attending with Robert Vesey son of hanged black abolitionist, Denmark Vesey in ship named the Planter former slave Robert Smalls, Major Genral Robert Anderson Fort Sumter 1861, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison Senator Warner speak, Massachusetts Senator Henry Wilson and abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher.
1861 Blyden becomes professor of Greek and Latin at Liberia College and becomes Liberian Secretary of State.
1877 Delany became chairman of the Liberian Exodus Joint Steamship Company finance committee they bought the 400 ton ship Azor.
1878 The following year the company made the voyage from Charleston to Monrovia with captain Harrison N. Bouey.
Blyden serves as President of Liberia College for 4 years.
1887 Blyden publishes his Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race.
1895 17 years later Bishop Henry Mc. Turner was responsible for two ships with 500 emigrants sailing to Liberia in 1895 and 1896.
The year after he also received James Mata Dwane of South Africa along with H. B. Parks and J. S. Flipper.
Dwane previously a South African Methodist Minister had left the Methodist Church to join the Ethiopian Church of Mangena Mokone in the same year and was also the founder of the Order of Ethiopia in the Anglican Church.
May 21 Sunday 14:05 The mission leaves Liberia by Air Liban for Freetown, Sierra Leone.
14:05 The mission arrive in Sierra Leone and are met at Queen Elizabeth II Quay in Freetown by representives of Government attended by the Parliamentary Secretary for External Affairs and his permanent Secretary.
The mission meets Prime Minister Dr. Sir Milton Margai at his office in Freetown.
The majority report mentions the Trelawny maroons from the parish of St. James in Jamaica who fought the British in 1795 in what is known as the second maroon war and were sent to Nova Scotia then to Sierra Leone some of the most well known of these maroons are John Jarret, Charles Samuel and his brother Captain Andrew Smith and Montague James.
August 3 A Council of War was held in Spanish Town at which martial law was declared.
"the members of which, considering the flying reports that Frenchmen and people of colour were conspiring with the Maroons, the danger of suffering the departure of troops ready to sail to St. Domingo, and the necessity of justifying Lord Balcarres in detaining them, concurred in opinion that it was requisite to establish martial law; which was accordingly proclaimed."
August 5 Balcarres on arriving at Landoverly orders the 6 Maroons captains into irons.
Correspondence send six Maroon Captains obtain passports from General Palmer Major James and son to go to Spanish Town and to the Governor. Balcarres Caskell to report to Spainish Town.
The six Maroons captains at Landoverly St. Ann half way between Trelawny and Spanish Town apprehended by the Commander of the militia and made to wait for Balcarres.
July the Maroons dismiss superintendent Caskell from his position.
July 17 39 Maroons go to Vaughans field a mile and a half from Trelawny Town to warn Caskell not to return to the town and to let know that they ready for the white people and that if the whites do not come to them they will come to the whites.
The war was caused after the Montego Bay magistrate had authorised the flogging of two Maroons by a slave the maroons had previously taken, these 2 maroons were flogged for killing two hogs belonging to a poor man the situation escalated when Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres orders 6 maroon captains into irons.
July 18 The magistrates of the parish of St. James send a message to the Maroons requesting a meeting between 4 of their justices and 4 chosen maroons, Colonel Montague declines adding that they do not want to see Caskell back in Trelawny ever again wage war. ask for the reappointment of Major James.
July 28 At Green Vale penn where the Maroons had moved up to, three miles away from Trelawny, the Maroon Captain Smith delivers a letter to the Custos of Trelawny Mr. Tharp.
Trelawny John Jarret is chosen to jot down the Maroons greviances.
Governor Alexander Lindsay the 6th Earl of Balcarres imports 100 bloodhounds from Cuba.
December The Maroon surrender Walpole Balcarres deports 600 Maroons to Nova Scotia Sierrra Leone.
1795 April 22 the Brigands war in Saint Lucia, the British attack Fond Doux and Rabot in Soufriere ensuing in the Battle of Rabot.
April Balcarres is appointed to succeed Sir Adam Williamson as Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica.
February defeat a battalion of British trops.
June 19 the British leave the Island not returning until a year later.
1797 November The Battle of Rabot ends and recruited into the 1st West India regiment stationed in Sierra Leone.
1794 February 4 the National Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic, under Maximilien Robespierre proclaim the abolition of slavery in all French colonies and giving civil and political rights to all Blacks.
February Charles No Flint Grey and Vice Admiral John Jervis arrive in the West Indies.
March 22 capture Fort Royal and Fort Saint Louis in Martinique.
March 24 The British capture Fort Bourbon.
March 30 The British reinstate the Old Regime, including the Monarchy's Supreme Council and the seneschal's courts of Trinité, Le Marin, and St Pierre. The Royalists regain possession of their properties and positions, slaves are returned to their masters, and emancipation was forbidden, whereas in the previous month the French had abolished slavery.
The government also promulgate an ordinance banning all gatherings of blacks or meetings by slaves, and banned Carnival. However, the British did require an oath of allegiance to the King of England.
April Jervis leads the invasion of St. Lucia, citadel More Fortune is captured and renamed Fort Charlotte.
L'Ouverture switches his allegiance and now fights on the side of the French, he raises the republican flag over the port of Gonaïves, he has all supporters of the Spanish to leave Cordon de l'Ouest and 4, 000 of his troops with those of General Étienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Lavaux's with Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe as.
May 6 L'Ouverture ambushes the Spanish after mass at church at San Raphael.
May 19 Troops from Greys force under commander John Whyte arrive in Saint Domingue and march to Port Au Prince where 45 ships of sugar are docked in the harbour they take and allow Sonthonax and the French leave providing that they do not burn the ships.
May L'Ouverture and Sonthonax commanding in the North whilst André Rigaud in the South.
Rigaud takes the town of Léogâne by storm and drives the British back to Port-au-Prince.
December 25 Rigaud takes Tiburon in surprise attack.
Soldiers of the 104th, 105th, 111th and 112th regiments in Dublin and Cork, Ireland riot.
1795 July Treaty of Baseline.
Jean-François and Biassou fight with L'Ouverture until November when Francois leave's for Spain and Biassou for Florida.
November 16 The Great Push 30, 000 men on 200 ships under General Ralph Abercromby departs from Portsmouth but wrecked by a storm.
December 9 sets out again for Saint Domingue.
1796 March 17 General Ralph Abercromby arrives in Barbados and despatches a force under Major General Gordon Forbes to Port-au-Prince.
fails to take French held city of Leogane, French Commander Alexandre Peton uses guns of his fort to sink three ships in-line under Admiral Hyde Parker and then turns his guns to the British, Forbes retreats back to Port au Prince.
March 20 Commander Jean-Louis Villatte captures and overthrows French General Étienne Lavaux as part of his plan to form an allegiance with Governor Rigaud, L'Ouverture's troops arrive at Le Cap-Français to free him and drive Villatte out.
May Lavaux promotes L'Ouverture to commander of the West province.
Sonthonax arrives with the French third commission, promotes L'Ouverture to General and arranges for L'Ouverture's sons Placide and Issac to a school for children of colonials in France. highest ranking officer.
June 1 Only 198 of 1, 000 from the Sixty-sixth regiment and 515 of 1, 000 men of the Sixth-ninth regiment, have not been infected with yellow fever. September elections for colonial representatives of the French National Assembly take place.
Louveture Lavaux, Sonthonax is also elected.
October Lavaux leaves and Sonthonax stays.
1797 L'Ouverture appointed Lieutenant General second only to Lavaux himself.
5, 000 of Greys 7, 000 die from yellow fever and the Royal Navy 11, 000.
1787 Prior to all of this London's Black Poor, some of which were African American Loyalist’s were brought to Sierra Leone by the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor and had founded Cline’s Town named after Emmanuel Kline a liberated Hausa, the town was later renamed Gransville Town after Granville Sharp.
Black Loyalist were former slaves who served for British military forces in the American War of Independence and were resettled in Nova Scotia by the British after they lost the war.
1 of the Black Regiments of the British Army were Lord Dunsmore's 800 man strong Ethiopian Regiment who fought in the Battle of Kemp's Landing and the Battle of Great Bridge
1775 November 7 Lord Dunmore, the Royal governor of Virginia makes his proclaimation calling for slaves to enlist in the British Army threatening them with liability of penalties.
November By the end of the month several hundred slaves have fled to Norfolk, Virginia to enlist, almost 2/3rds of those who were resettled in Sierra Leone were from Virginia.
1789 Granville Town is burned down by King Tom's successor, King Jimmy, another King of the local Temne people. The land on which the town was founded was purchased from Koya Temne sub schief King Tom and regent Naimbana.
1792 February 29-March 9 15 ships arrive at St. George Bay.
March 11 The site of Cline's Town is designated by the Sierra Leone Company as the site of the new settlement for African American Loyalists.
Nathaniel Gilbert.
1810 The African Institution ask the British Government for a land grant in Sierra Leone for Paul Cuffe.
1811 March 1 Cuffee arrives in Freetown, Sierra Leone.
April 7 Cuffe meets with black merchants including John Kizele, they write a petition to the African Institution and found the Friendly Society of Sierra Leone.
1815 Cuffe arrives at Sherbrooke Island in present day Sierra Leone with 88 African Americans, the first.
1775 Cuffe, at age 16 learns navigation.
In the late 1780s Cuffe's flagship was the 25-ton schooner Sun Fish and after that he bought the 40-ton schooner Mary.
1795 Cuffe sells the Mary and Sun Fish to finance construction of the Ranger, a 69-ton schooner launched.
1796 Cuffe launches the Ranger from his shipyard in Westport. Wanting a larger homestead
1799 February Cuffe pays $3,500 for 140 acres (0.57 km2) of waterfront property in Westport.
1800 Cuffe purchase a half-interest in the 162-ton barque Hero.
1806 Cuffe's largest ship, the 268-ton Alpha and his favorite ship, the 109-ton brig Traveller are built.
1811 Cuffe takes his favorite ship, the Traveller into Liverpool, The Times of London reports that it is likely the first vessel to reach Europe "entirely owned and navigated by Negroes".
May 23 Tueday The mission visit Njala Agricultural Centre and Training College.
May 24 The mission visits Marampa Iron ore mines and meet with a mission from the U.A.R. also touring the mines.
September The Emperor attends the Conference of Heads of State of Government of Non-Aligned Countries in Belgrade, FPR Yugoslavia, considered to be the founding conference of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Nkrumah.
October Du Bois joins the Communist Party and travels to Ghana with his wife to take up residence there and to begin work on his African encyclopedia.
December 15 King works with the desegregation movement in Albany, Georgia.
December 16 King and Abernathy are among those arrested in demonstration in Albany, King declines bail until the city.
Prince Buster’s Oh Carolina by the Folkes Brothers is licensed to Blue Beat Records for release in the UK by Melodisc owned Emil Shalet.
Julius Winston Garvey receives M.D. degree and moves to the United States where he practices medicine in New York.
1962 April 27 LAPD officers beat members of Temple number 27 in South Central, Los Angeles.
A group of Muslims come outside, the disarm one of the officers, another officer is shot on the elbow by one of his colleagues.
Reinforcements of 70 officers arrive and raid the Mosque beating members and even shoot several members including William X Rogers, who is hit in the back and paralyzed for life and Ronald Stokes who is shot from behind whilst raising his hands over his head to surrender and is killed.
The coroner rules Stokes’s killing as being justified.
July 27 King after returning to Albany, Georgia is arrested at prayer vigil 45 days imprisonment or fine of $178, Kings chooses but has his fine paid by Billy Graham three days later with the help of Police Chief Laurie Pritchett.
August 10 King is released.
King works with the Gandi Society to give President Kennedy an executive order for civil rights.
October Brigadier P E Crooks of the Jamaica Defense Force submits a paper to the Governor General Kenneth Blackburne for consideration by the Defence Board in which Ras Tafari is identified as an international threat to Jamaica's national security by reasoning that ‘…the internal threat is well known to readers of this paper and does not require much elaboration. Briefly, Communism will try to infiltrate by all possible means and may make active use of the following: (i) Extreme racial organisations, eg, The Rastafarians approx strength 3,000-5,000, not organised but a potential danger’.
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